Table 1 Baseline general characteristics of the trial participants.

From: The effect of curcumin and high-content eicosapentaenoic acid supplementations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a double-blinded randomized clinical trial

Variable

CP (n = 25)

EP (n = 25)

CE (n = 25)

PP (n = 25)

p

Age, Yrs.

54.56 ± 8.30

56.88 ± 8.36

56.68 ± 10.25

57.48 ± 11.27

0.727b

Sex

male

12 (48)

12 (48)

15 (60)

11 (44)

0.853c

female

13 (52)

13 (52)

10 (40)

14 (56)

Education

Illiterate

4 (16)

1 (4)

3 (12)

3 (12)

0.424c

Primary School

12 (48)

13 (52)

16 (64)

13 (52)

High School

5 (20)

9 (36)

6 (24)

9 (36)

University

4 (16)

2 (8)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Job

Unemployed

4 (16)

5 (20)

5 (20)

4 (16)

0.958c

Housewife

7 (28)

5 (20)

7 (28)

7 (28)

Employed

11 (44)

10 (40)

9 (36)

9 (36)

Retired

3 (12)

5 (20)

4 (16)

5 (20)

Smoking

Never

18 (72)

14 (56)

10 (40)

14 (56)

0.127c

Former

4 (16)

8 (32)

7 (28)

6 (24)

Current

3 (12)

3 (12)

8 (32)

5 (20)

Alcohol intake

10 (40)

3 (12)

6 (24)

4 (16)

0.093c

Duration of diabetes (Yrs)

<1

3 (12)

3 (12)

1 (4)

4 (16)

0.167c

1–4

5 (20)

3 (12)

6 (24)

4 (16)

5–8

5 (20)

4 (16)

3 (12)

5 (20)

9–12

6 (24)

8 (32)

5 (20)

5 (20)

>12

6 (24)

7 (28)

10 (40)

7 (28)

Family history of DM

17 (68)

18 (72)

20 (80)

21 (84)

0.551c

CVD

3 (12)

7 (28)

5 (20)

10 (40)

0.130c

Dyslipidemia

7 (28)

9 (36)

3 (12)

4 (16)

0.166c

HTN

7 (28)

7 (28)

8 (32)

7 (28)

0.986c

Antihypertensive drug

ACE inhibitors or ARBs

3 (12)

3 (12)

2 (8)

2 (8)

0.960c

Diuretics

2 (8)

2 (8)

3 (12)

2 (8)

beta-Blockers

2 (8)

2 (8)

1 (4)

2 (8)

Calcium channel blockers

1 (4)

0 (0)

2 (8)

1 (4)

Glucose-lowering medications

Biguanides

4 (16)

3 (12)

1 (4)

2 (8)

0.414c

Sulfonylureas

5 (20)

10 (40)

6 (24)

5 (24)

SGLT2i

4 (16)

3 (12)

4 (14)

8 (28)

Thiazolidinediones

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (4)

1 (4)

Combination BG-lowering drugs (oral)

6 (24)

6 (24)

5 (20)

4 (16)

Insulins/analogs Long-acting

1 (4)

0 (0)

2 (8)

2 (8)

Insulins/analogs Long-acting +Insulins/analogs Intermediate-acting

5 (20)

3 (12.)

6 (24)

3 (12)

Cholesterol-lowering medications

13 (52)

12 (48)

15 (60)

13 (52)

0.860c

Weight, kg

72.42 ± 6.86

76.77 ± 6.18

76.12 ± 4.92

73.37 ± 6.76

0.064ab

BMI, kg/m2a

27.78 ± 2.15

28.90 ± 2.86

28.01 ± 1.52

27.82 ± 1.73

0.215ab

WC, cm

98.26 ± 6.22

100.78 ± 7.21

98.18 ± 4.70

97.93 ± 5.26

0.291ab

HC, cm

100.14 ± 10.78

103.81 ± 12.33

101.37 ± 7.72

101.58 ± 8.99

0.636ab

WHR

0.98 ± 0.06

0.97 ± 0.06

0.97 ± 0.04

0.96 ± 0.05

0.893ab

Dietary energy intake (kcal)

2305.54 ± 321.99

2404.59 ± 231.36

2412.20 ± 185.54

2387.58 ± 310.13

0.272ab

SBP (mmHg)

132.16 ± 21.33

141.12 ± 15.66

145.54 ± 18.97

131.48 ± 25.53

0.467ab

DBP (mmHg)

83.29 ± 14.11

91.21 ± 27.16

90.33 ± 25.14

87.33 ± 19.51

0.721ab

  1. Data is presented as mean ± SD, or n (%), PP double placebo, CP curcumin plus placebo, EP EPA plus placebo, CE curcumin plus EPA, Kg kilogram, cm centimetre, % percent, Kj Kilojoule, METs Metabolic equivalents, SEM Standard error of the mean, IQR interquartile range.
  2. aBody mass index is weight in kilograms divided by square of height in meters.
  3. bAnalysis of Variances (ANOVA).
  4. cKruskal–Wallis test.
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