Table 4 Glycemic homeostasis indices, and markers of cardio-metabolic risk at baseline and post-intervention.

From: The effect of curcumin and high-content eicosapentaenoic acid supplementations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a double-blinded randomized clinical trial

Variables

Time

CP (n = 24)

EP (n = 23)

CE (n = 25)

PP (n = 23)

Between-group difference in change, mean (95% CI)

CP vs. EP

CP vs. CE

CP vs. PP

EP vs. CE

EP vs. PP

CE vs. PP

FBS

Before

181.38 ± 38.25

183.14 ± 38.22

170.07 ± 31.39

186.71 ± 36.26

1.07 (−26.54, 28.69)

4.54 (−23.07, 32.16)

4.05 (−23.56, 31.67)

3.47 (−24.14, 31.09)

2.98 (−24.63, 30.60)

−0.48 (−28.10, 27.13)

After

176.16 ± 41.84

176.85 ± 30.08

160.31 ± 36.24

177.43 ± 59.26

Within-group change

−0.86 (−14.68, 4.24)

−6.29 (−13.57, 0.99)

−9.76 (−19.86, 0.33)

−9.27 (−34.89, 16.33)

Insulin

Before

14.75 ± 4.30

15.22 ± 4.31

13.55 ± 3.88

15.59 ± 4.07

−0.54 (−2.56, 1.48)

1.41 (−0.61, 3.43)

−1.03 (−3.05, 0.99)

1.95 (−0.07, 3.97)

−0.49 (−2.51, 1.53)

−2.44 (−4.46, −0.42)

After

13.73 ± 3.80

14.35 ± 3.38

12.11 ± 3.59

14.96 ± 3.70

Within−group change

−1.02 (−2.09, 0.05)

−0.86 (−2.07, 0.33)

−1.44 (−2.70, −0.17)

−0.63 (−1.97, 0.69)

HOMA-ir

Before

6.98 ± 3.39

7.24 ± 3.28

5.97 ± 2.84

7.53 ± 3.30

−0.21 (−2.30, 1.86)

1.13 (−0.95, 3.21)

−0.50 (−2.59, 1.57)

1.34 (−0.73, 3.43)

−0.29 (−2.37, 1.79)

−1.63 (−3.72, 0.44)

After

6.22 ± 2.96

6.40 ± 2.22

4.97 ± 2.27

6.69 ± 2.95

MD

−0.75 (−1.38, −0.12)

−0.84 (−1.48, −0.19)

−1.00 (−1.71, −0.28)

−0.83 (−2.11, 0.43)

QUICKI

Before

0.128 ± 0.009

0.127 ± 0.008

0.130 ± 0.008

0.126 ± 0.007

0.001 (−0.005, 0.007)

−0.003 (−0.009, 0.003)

0.001 (−0.005, 0.007)

−0.004 (−0.010, 0.002)

0.000 (−0.006, 0.006)

0.005 (−0.002, 0.011)

After

0.129 ± 0.008

0.128 ± 0.006

0.133 ± 0.009

0.128 ± 0.008

MD

0.001 (−0.000, 0.003)

0.001 (−0.000, 0.002)

0.003 (0.000, 0.005)

0.002 (−0.000, 0.005)

HbA1C

Before

9.06 ± 1.13

9.37 ± 1.17

9.14 ± 1.16

9.19 ± 1.41

−0.28 (−1.18, 0.61)

−0.05 (−0.95, 0.84)

−0.27 (−1.17, 0.63)

0.23 (−0.67, 1.13)

0.01 (−0.88, 0.91)

−0.21 (−1.11, 0.68)

 

After

8.89 ± 1.03

9.15 ± 1.07

8.92 ± 1.20

9.30 ± 1.36

 

MD

−0.17 (−0.33, −0.01)

−0.22 (−0.45, 0.00)

−0.22 (−0.34, −0.11)

0.10 (−0.06, 0.27)

TG

Before

178.02 ± 82.77

190.80 ± 77.35

174.00 ± 68.88

183.91 ± 82.87

−0.47 (−43.05, 42.11)

29.71 (−12.86, 72.30)

−6.63 (−49.21, 35.95)

30.18 (−12.39, 72.77)

−6.16 (−48.74, 36.42)

−36.35 (−78.93, 6.23)

After

172.73 ± 73.67

160.89 ± 94.74

117.32 ± 60.39

180.11 ± 76.06

MC (95% CI)

−5.29 (−12.72, 2.13)

−29.91 (−54.98, −4.83)

−56.67 (−63.36, −49.98)

−3.80 (−10.31, 2.71)

Chol total

Before

233.54 ± 31.20

243.38 ± 26.70

238.16 ± 29.36

235.56 ± 29.32

−17.02 (−32.99, −1.05)

−8.98 (−24.95, 6.98)

−20.76 (−36.73, −4.79)

8.04 (−7.93, 24.01)

−3.74 (−19.71, 12.22)

−11.78 (−27.75, 4.18)

After

205.61 ± 73.30

229.81 ± 37.26

218.95 ± 44.28

245.12 ± 48.05

MD

−27.93 (−64.28, 8.41)

−13.56 (−31.12, 3.99)

−19.21 (−38.24, −0.18)

9.56 (−17.33, 36.46)

LDL

Before

146.19 ± 31.47

157.42 ± 24.37

154.06 ± 31.11

149.97 ± 33.09

−20.12 (−36.90, −3.34)

−12.62 (−29.40, 4.15)

−20.79 (−37.57, −4.01)

7.49 (−9.28, 24.28)

−0.67 (−17.45, 16.11)

−8.16 (−24.95, 8.61)

After

116.73 ± 78.94

145.75 ± 38.81

134.11 ± 45.94

154.54 ± 54.21

MD

−29.46 (−69.04, 10.11)

−11.66 (−27.71, 4.37)

−19.95 (−41.16, 1.24)

4.56 (−25.30, 34.43)

HDL

Before

51.74 ± 15.43

47.80 ± 17.30

49.30 ± 12.68

48.80 ± 15.48

3.19 (−2.43, 8.83)

−2.30 (−7.93, 3.33)

1.35 (−4.28, 6.98)

−5.49 (−11.13, 0.13)

−1.84 (−7.47, 3.79)

3.65 (−1.98, 9.28)

After

54.33 ± 16.71

51.88 ± 14.64

61.37 ± 14.10

54.56 ± 13.24

MD

2.58 (−6.32, 11.50)

4.08 (−6.23, 14.39)

12.07 (4.05, 20.09)a

5.76 (−3.79, 15.31)

VEGF

Before

1431.95 ± 375.57

1529.86 ± 241.08

1416.28 ± 317.99

1552.37 ± 272.35

−127.50 (−247.91, −7.09)

−122.76 (−243.17, −2.35)

−1.25 (−121.66, 119.15)

4.74 (−115.67, 125.15)

126.25 (5.83, 246.66)

121.50 (1.09, 241.92)

After

1532.24 ± 271.88

1689.34 ± 198.12

1793.43 ± 451.97

1414.33 ± 273.32

MD

100.28 (−88.18, 288.75)

159.48 (23.08, 295.88)

377.14 (148.02, 606.26)

−138.04 (−308.99, 32.91)

Hs−CRP

Before

9.30 ± 3.19

8.66 ± 2.09

9.42 ± 2.57

8.63 ± 1.45

0.50 (−0.34, 1.36)

0.28 (−0.56, 1.14)

−0.56 (−1.42, 0.28)

−0.21 (−1.07, 0.63)

−1.07 (−1.92, −0.21)

−0.85 (−1.70, −0.01)

After

7.31 ± 2.21

6.94 ± 1.84

6.61 ± 2.58

9.11 ± 2.55

MD

−1.99 (−3.72, −0.26)

−1.71 (−2.89, −0.53)a

−2.84 (−4.51, −1.17)a

0.48 (−0.85, 1.82)

TAC

Before

3.15 ± 1.41

2.91 ± 1.22

3.36 ± 1.27

3.24 ± 1.19

0.13 (−0.65, 0.38)

−0.72 (−1.24, −0.20)a

0.14 (−0.37, 0.66)

−0.85 (−1.37, −0.34)a

0.01 (−0.50, 0.52)

0.86 (0.35, 1.38)a

After

3.54 ± 1.32

3.51 ± 1.39

4.78 ± 1.19

3.17 ± 1.22

MD

0.38 (−0.32, 1.09)

0.59 (−0.25, 1.45)

1.42 (0.69, 2.16)a

−0.07 (−0.69, 0.55)

MDA

Before

6.91 ± 2.62

6.00 ± 2.19

5.71 ± 1.99

6.47 ± 1.77

−0.21 (−0.65, 1.08)

0.27 (−0.59, 1.14)

−0.62 (−1.48, 0.24)

0.06 (−0.80, 0.92)

−0.83 (−1.70, 0.03)

−0.89 (−1.76, −0.02)

After

4.60 ± 2.01

5.08 ± 2.93

5.25 ± 2.35

6.28 ± 1.92

MD

−2.30 (−3.70, −0.89)

−0.91 (−2.39, 0.56)a

−0.45 (−1.84, 0.92)

−0.18 (−1.32, 0.95)

  1. ap < 0.01.
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