Fig. 2: Overall pooled analysis of the associations between MASLD, MAFLD, NAFLD, and CKD.

CKD chronic kidney disease, MASLD metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, MAFLD metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, RR relative risk, OR odds ratio, I² inconsistency index.