Fig. 5
Nmi loss enhances spontaneous metastasis of mammary cancer. a MMTV-Neu Nmi−/− mice displayed early tumor incidence compared with their littermate controls (n = 26 controls and 25 knockout) *p = 0.00196 by log-rank test. b The growth rate of tumors depicted as mean tumor diameter was also enhanced in MMTV-Neu Nmi−/− mice (n = 25 control and 25 knockout). *p < 0.0001 by linear regression test. c Lung sections from MMTV-Neu Nmifl/fl and MMTV-Neu Nmi−/− were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Metastatic dissemination of the Erbb2 mammary epithelial cells was confirmed using immunohistochemical analysis of serial sections. d Incidence and number of metastasis in Nmi knockout mice was increased (n = 12 Nmifl/fl, 17 Nmi−/−) *p = 0.02. e Schematic of strategy for generating DMBA/medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)-induced mammary tumors. Nmi knockout mice were implanted with a 50 mg/90-day release MPA pellet subcutaneously as 6 weeks of age. At 9, 10, 12, and 13 weeks of age, 1 mg DMBA was administered orally to induce carcinogenesis. f DMBA/MPA induced mammary tumors in Nmi−/− mice displayed no significant difference in tumor incidence compared with their littermate controls (n = 17 Nmifl/fl and 16 Nmi−/−). g Tumor growth rate did not differ between control and knockout mice (n = 15 Nmifl/fl and 14 Nmi−/−). h Nmi knockout mice showed increased lung metastasis/mouse compared with controls (n = 14 control, 12 KO) *p = 0.02. The photomicrographs show representative lungs
