Fig. 1

Differences between induction of thrombosis by NGR modified bacterial coagulase and human tissue factor. a Tissue factor (TF)-mediated thrombosis is systemic and involves stepwise activation of various clotting factors, while coagulase mediated coagulation is local and only affects fibrinogen levels. b Impact of tCoa-NGR on solid tumors. Before injection of the novel fusion protein, solid tumors are proliferative, harboring three different cell populations: highly proliferative cells in the tumor edge, necrotic cells in the core, and dormant cells in the middle layers. Treatment of solid tumors with tCoa-NGR results in the induction of thrombosis, occlusion of tumor-feeding blood vessels, tumor infarction, and oxygen, energy and nutrient depletion of the cancer cells undergoing anaerobic glycolysis, subsequently promoting necrosis of tumor cells. Part B of this figure is adopted from Jahanban-Esfahlan, R. et al. [1]