Fig. 3: IL-36R agonists induce the proliferation of colon cancer cells.

A Cells were stimulated for 24 h with 100 ng/ml of IL-36α, IL-36β or IL-36γ and changes in proliferation detected by BrdU incorporation or (B) by Resazurin reduction. C Cells were stimulated with IL-36γ as a time course over 60 min, subsequently lysed and examined for protein phosphorylation by Western Blot. D Cells were stimulated with IL-36γ for 24 h with/without PD90859 (10 μM) or Wortmannin (0.5 μM) pre-treatment and cellular proliferation was measured by resazurin reduction. E Spheroid formation was investigated in agar-coated flat bottom 96 well plates. Cells were stimulated with 100 ng/mL of a cocktail of IL-36α/b/y or with 100 ng/mL of LPS as a positive control. Graphs are representative of 3 biological replicates, consisting of 6 technical replicates per group. Data shown are mean ± s.e.m. (n = 3) and analysed by One-way ANOVA with Dunnetts post hoc test. p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.