Fig. 3: Development of an orthotopic and syngeneic gall bladder (GB) cancer model. | Oncogenesis

Fig. 3: Development of an orthotopic and syngeneic gall bladder (GB) cancer model.

From: Precision modeling of gall bladder cancer patients in mice based on orthotopic implantation of organoid-derived tumor buds

Fig. 3

A A typical workflow of the orthotopic GB cancer model. A subcutaneous tumor (SCT) was cut into 3-mm fragments (tumor bud: TB) and sutured directly to the outer surface of the GB of a C57BL/6 J mouse. Scale bar, 1 mm. L indicates the liver. B The macroscopic findings of an orthotopic GB cancer. Left panel, replacement of the GB by the tumor (T). Right panel, a reversed view of the GB tumor, and the common bile duct (CBD). C Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the tumor. Direct invasion of cancer cells into the liver tissue (white dotted line). Scale bar, 200 μm. D H&E staining example of a human GB cancer is shown. The borderline of the tumor and liver is indicated by a white dotted line. Scale bar, 2 mm (left), 500 μm (right). E Immunofluorescence staining of the tumor. Vascular endothelial cells (red, CD31) and epithelial cells (green, CK19) are stained. Note that angiogenesis is observed in the liver tissue adjacent to the tumor surface (arrowheads). Scale bar, 200 μm. F Immunofluorescence staining of T cells. Note that the T cells (green, CD3) are infiltrating the tumor boundary (arrowheads) in contact with the liver. Scale bar, 200 μm.

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