Fig. 2: “Canonical pathways” characterization on fluids biomarkers functional analysis: in this bubble blot generated by IPA software, we show the significant pathways previously described.

It is possible to notice how each pathway is characterized by a specific “−log10 (P value)” -only pathways with a value greater than 1.3 are shown and described in the text- and an absolute “z-score value”—regarding the modulation—greater than 2. As described in the legend, orange bubbles are indicative of significantly upregulated pathways (z-score greater than 2) and downregulated pathways (z-score lower than −2); the size of bubbles depends on the number of biomarkers that overlap the pathway. This bubble blot has been created using the values of “P value”, “z-score”, and “# of molecules” resulting from the functional analysis carried out by IPA software.