Table 1 Baseline characteristics of cases and controls
From: Altered metabolites in newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension
n | Cases | Matched controls | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
1076 | 2152 | ||
Matched variables | |||
Gestational age (weeks) | |||
Gestational age, mean (SD) | 38.4 (1.9) | 38.4 (1.9) | 1.0000 |
<37 weeks, n (%) | 186 (17.3) | 372 (17.3) | 1.0000 |
≥41 weeks, n (%) | 98 (9.1) | 196 (9.1) | 1.0000 |
Birth weight | |||
Birth weight (g), mean (SD) | 3219 (602) | 3223 (606) | 0.8594 |
SGA, n (%) | 336 (15.6) | 155 (14.4) | 0.3676 |
LGA, n (%) | 227 (10.6) | 07 (9.9) | 0.5953 |
Sex | |||
Female, n (%) | 439 (40.8) | 878 (40.8) | 1.0000 |
Age at sample collection | |||
Age in hours, mean (SD) | 36.7 (16.1) | 37.0 (15.5) | 0.6521 |
Parenteral nutrition at time of sample collection | |||
Yes, n (%) | 448 (41.6) | 896 (41.6) | 1.0000 |
Non-matched variables | |||
Race | |||
White not Hispanic, n (%) | 269 (25.0) | 579 (26.9) | 0.2463 |
Hispanic, n (%) | 524 (48.7) | 1,030 (47.9) | 0.6539 |
Black, n (%) | 66 (6.1) | 100 (4.7) | 0.0714 |
Asian, n (%) | 149 (13.9) | 260 (12.1) | 0.1551 |
Other, n (%) | 68 (6.3) | 183 (8.5) | 0.0289 |
Mode of delivery | |||
Cesarean, n (%) | 644 (59.9) | 1,016 (47.2) | <0.0001 |
Gestation | |||
Twin, n (%) | 3 (0.3) | 11 (0.5) | 0.3437 |
Parity | |||
Nulliparous, n (%) | 493 (45.8) | 1,076 (50.0) | 0.0250 |
Oligohydramnios, n (%) | 59 (5.5) | 78 (3.6) | 0.0135 |
PROM, n (%) | 70 (6.5) | 190 (8.8) | 0.0222 |
Chorioamnionitis, n (%) | 65 (6.0) | 165 (7.7) | 0.0904 |
Maternal age (years) | |||
<18, n (%) | 22 (2.0) | 8 (3.7) | 0.0104 |
18–34, n (%) | 813 (75.6) | 1,650 (76.7) | 0.4824 |
>34, n (%) | 241 (22.4) | 422 (19.6) | 0.0645 |
Maternal diabetes | |||
Any, n (%) | 119 (11.1) | 237 (11.0) | 0.9683 |
Preexisting, n (%) | 20 (2.9) | 43 (2.0) | 0.7872 |
Gestational, n (%) | 107 (9.9) | 209 (9.7) | 0.8341 |
Maternal BMIa | |||
Underweight, n (%) | 39 (3.6) | 80 (3.7) | 0.8949 |
Normal weight, n (%) | 417 (38.8) | 1009 (46.9) | <0.0001 |
Overweight, n (%) | 266 (24.7) | 502 (23.3) | 0.3806 |
Obese, n (%) | 229 (21.3) | 396 (18.4) | 0.0508 |
Mental illness, n (%) | 24 (2.2) | 71 (3.3) | 0.0903 |
Smoking during pregnancy, n (%) | 48 (4.5) | 90 (4.2) | 0.7120 |
Illicit drug use, n (%) | 14 (1.3) | 31 (1.4) | 0.7501 |
Maternal asthma, n (%) | 34 (3.2) | 75 (3.5) | 0.6296 |
Hypertension | |||
Preexisting, n (%) | 14 (1.3) | 22 (1.0) | 0.4770 |
Gestational, n (%) | 21 (2.0) | 49 (2.3) | 0.5498 |
Preeclampsia, n (%) | 48 (4.5) | 128 (6.0) | 0.0794 |
Maternal asthma, n (%) | 34 (3.2) | 75 (3.5) | 0.6296 |
Hypertension | |||
Preexisting, n (%) | 31 (1.6) | 48 (1.2) | 0.2621 |
Gestational, n (%) | 38 (2.0) | 84 (2.2) | 0.6047 |
Mortalityb, n (%) | 100 (9.3) | 101 (4.7) | <0.0001 |
