Abstract
Background
Little is known about brain temperature of neonates during MRI. Brain temperature can be estimated non-invasively with proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS), but the most accurate 1H-MRS method has not yet been determined. The primary aim was to estimate brain temperature using 1H-MRS in infants with neonatal encephalopathy (NE) following perinatal asphyxia. The secondary aim was to compare brain temperature during MRI with rectal temperatures before and after MRI.
Methods
In this retrospective study, brain temperature in 36 (near-)term infants with NE was estimated using short (36 ms) and long (288 ms) echo time (TE) 1H-MRS. Brain temperature was calculated using two different formulas: formula of Wu et al. and a formula based on phantom calibration. The methods were compared. Rectal temperatures were collected <3 hours before and after MRI.
Results
Brain temperatures calculated with the formula of Wu et al. and the calibrated formula were similar as well as brain temperatures derived from short and long TE 1H-MRS. Rectal temperature did not differ before and after MRI.
Conclusions
Brain temperature can be measured using 1H-MRS in daily clinical practice using the formula of Wu et al. with both short and long TE 1H-MRS. Brain temperature remained within physiological range during MRI.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the MR technicians, neonatologists, physician assistants and nurses for their excellent help during the MR examinations. KVA acknowledges support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 667224, ALBINO). The PharmaCool study was funded by ZonMW (40‐41500‐98‐9002). The 2-STEP study was funded in part by a gift of Neurophyxia (www.neurophyxia.com).
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K.V.A. has substantially contributed to conception and design of the study, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data and drafting the manuscript. F.G. has substantially contributed to conception and design of the study, acquisition of the MRI, analysis and interpretation of the data and critical revisions of the manuscript for important intellectual content. D.C. has substantially contributed to analysis of the data and drafting the manuscript. N.E.A. has revised the article critically for important intellectual content. T.A. has revised the article critically for important intellectual content. J.D. has contributed to acquisition of the data and critical revisions of the manuscript for important intellectual content. M.J.N.L.B. has contributed to acquisition of the data and critical revisions of the manuscript for important intellectual content. J.P.W. has substantially contributed to conception and design of the study, acquisition of the calibration phantom measurements, data analysis and interpretation and critical revisions of the manuscript for important intellectual content.
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Floris Groenendaal is expert witness in cases of perinatal asphyxia. The other authors have no competing interests to declare.
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Annink, K.V., Groenendaal, F., Cohen, D. et al. Brain temperature of infants with neonatal encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia calculated using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pediatr Res 88, 279–284 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-019-0739-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-019-0739-3
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