Abstract
Background
The ability to perceive and process visuospatial information is a condition for broader neurodevelopment. We examined the association of early visuospatial attention and processing with later neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm infants.
Methods
Visuospatial attention and processing was assessed in 209 children (<30 weeks gestation) using an easy applicable eye tracking-based paradigm at 1 and 2 years. Average reaction times to fixation (RTF) on specific visual stimuli were calculated, representing time needed for overall attention (Cartoon stimuli) and processing (Motion and Form stimuli). Associations between RTFs and various measures of development at 2 years including cognitive and motor development (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third edition; Bayley-III), language (Lexi test) and behavior (Child Behavior Checklist) were examined.
Results
At 1 year, 100 ms slower Cartoon and Motion RTFs were associated with lower cognitive Bayley-III scores (−4.4 points, 95%CI: −7.4; −1.5 and −1.0 points, −1.8; −0.2, respectively). A 100 ms slower Cartoon RTF was associated with a 3.5 (−6.6; −0.5) point decrease in motor Bayley-III score.
Conclusions
Visuospatial attention and motion processing at 1 year is predictive of overall cognitive and motor development 1 year later. The nonverbal eye tracking-based test can assist in early detection of preterm children at risk of adverse neurodevelopment.
Impact
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Visuospatial attention and processing at 1 year corrected age is predictive for overall cognitive and motor development 1 year later in preterm infants.
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First study to relate early visuospatial attention and processing with later neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm children.
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Early detection of preterm children at risk of adverse neurodevelopment, which allows for more timely interventions.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to all children and parents for their cooperation. The authors thank the students from the Neuroscience Department for their assistance in eye tracking data acquisition; the psychologists and physiotherapists from the Neonatology Department for their help in data collection; and Arianne Jacobse for logistic support. The Blik Vooruit Study received unrestricted financial support from NOVUM (stichtingnovum.org; grant number OI0342).
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Substantial contributions to conception and design: M.J.V., J.A.R., I.K.M.R., J.J.M.P, K.F.M.J and M.J.G.K.; acquisition of data: V.A.A.B., J.A.R., N.R., R.M.C.S and M.J.G.K., or analysis and interpretation of data: V.A.A.B., M.J.V., J.A.R., N.R. and M.J.G.K. Drafting the article: V.A.A.B, M.J.V. and M.J.G.K.; revising the article critically for important intellectual content: all authors. Final approval of the version to be published: all authors.
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Beunders, V.A.A., Vermeulen, M.J., Roelants, J.A. et al. Early visuospatial attention and processing and related neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years in children born very preterm. Pediatr Res 90, 608–616 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-01206-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-01206-7
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