Table 3 Multivariablea adjusted Poisson regression association of delivery mode with infant overweight (BMI-for-age z-score ≥85th percentile) at 1 year of age.

From: Delivery mode and altered infant growth at 1 year of life in India

Mode of delivery

No. of overweight infants (%)

Unadjusted RR (95% CI)

Without multiple imputation

With multiple imputationb

Adjusted RR (95% CI)

No of Overweight infants (%)

Adjusted RR (95% CI)

Vaginal delivery

42 (44.21%)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

42 (11.63%)

1 (reference)

Emergency C-section

26 (27.37%)

1.04 (0.55, 1.98)

0.94 (0.47, 1.86)

26 (15.38%)

1.16 (0.71, 1.90)

Elective C-section

27 (28.42%)

2.34 (1.35, 4.05)

2.44 (1.35, 4.41)

27 (25.00%)

2.25 (1.42, 3.57)

  1. aMultivariable adjusted models include: maternal age, religion, education, socioeconomic status, parity, depression, BMI, adiposity, and gestational diabetes status, and infant gestational age and birth weight.
  2. bThe sample size without imputation was n = 248 for vaginal delivery, n = 129 for emergency C-section, and n = 84 for elective C-section, whereas the sample size with imputation was n = 361 for vaginal delivery, n = 169 for emergency C-section, and n = 108 for elective C-section.
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