Table 2 Mean costs during fifth year of life by cost category and by country; mean (SE) (€, 2016 prices).
From: Economic costs at age five associated with very preterm birth: multinational European cohort study
Belgium | Denmark | Estonia | France | Germany | Italy | Netherlands | Poland | Portugal | UK | Sweden | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct medical costs | Hospital outpatient services | Paediatrician | 17.29 (2.71) | 11.57 (2.80) | 18.39 (3.88) | 13.88 (0.93) | 23.04 (2.05) | 52.84 (4.52) | 5.24 (1.27) | 273.07 (30.34) | 34.13 (3.07) | 58.48 (9.95) | 106.10 (24.26) |
A&E | 1.80 (0.30) | 8.78 (2.08) | 9.19 (2.04) | 37.24 (4.46) | 32.74 (5.17) | 17.26 (1.66) | 16.05 (3.36) | 5.87 (1.01) | 46.90 (3.49) | 32.68 (5.75) | 72.05 (15.11) | ||
Neurologist | 4.81 (1.05) | 1.42 (0.56) | 26.11 (18.45) | 5.58 (3.13) | 2.50 (0.84) | 4.09 (0.54) | 1.57 (0.91) | 30.76 (5.99) | 3.90 (0.82) | 0.22 (0.05) | 32.61 (8.99) | ||
Ear, nose and throat (ENT) | 5.55 (0.73) | 21.55 (3.25) | 8.94 (1.83) | 8.97 (1.36) | 7.75 (0.93) | 7.59 (1.09) | 8.47 (1.78) | 18.71 (3.74) | 18.81 (1.79) | 5.21 (0.70) | 33.15 (7.62) | ||
Ophthalmologist | 6.78 (2.01) | 9.62 (1.97) | 15.26 (2.42) | 23.53 (2.64) | 24.32 (2.16) | 14.43 (1.92) | 18.50 (7.20) | 29.54 (4.47) | 19.85 (2.37) | 5.29 (0.51) | 65.68 (15.51) | ||
Speech therapist | 111.23 (25.45) | 16.56 (5.77) | 190.55 (43.48) | 200.79 (22.06) | 89.49 (12.58) | 46.88 (5.41) | 52.07 (14.51) | 596.64 (102.30) | 52.44 (7.81) | 29.50 (8.62) | 164.18 (68.02) | ||
Psychologist | 9.71 (3.45) | 7.66 (3.31) | 92.57 (41.37) | 22.75 (4.24) | 10.47 (8.19) | 7.45 (2.08) | 1.62 (1.10) | 244.65 (72.02) | 16.66 (3.94) | 2.59 (1.45) | 39.20 (14.20) | ||
Psychiatrist | 0.63 (0.25) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.55 (0.41) | 17.83 (7.79) | 0.72 (0.51) | 2.67 (0.68) | 0.85 (0.67) | 2.78 (1.66) | 1.50 (0.41) | 12.19 (9.35) | 39.84 (21.03) | ||
Physiotherapist | 76.46 (13.57) | 52.28 (23.09) | 71.28 (22.42) | 105.92 (13.90) | 25.73 (6.51) | 72.00 (8.59) | 37.95 (12.63) | 451.52 (102.28) | 173.12 (43.52) | 51.95 (16.22) | 47.73 (20.70) | ||
Respiratory specialist | 2.30 (0.65) | 1.96 (0.85) | 6.62 (1.45) | 4.88 (0.74) | 0.75 (0.22) | 3.07 (0.44) | 2.82 (1.10) | 120.04 (19.84) | 22.60 (13.85) | 4.37 (2.21) | 8.58 (1.83) | ||
Total hospital outpatient services | 236.57 (35.46) | 131.38 (28.21) | 439.46 (80.94) | 441.37 (35.27) | 217.51 (22.04) | 228.28 (16.72) | 145.12 (28.12) | 1773.58 (253.39) | 389.91 (51.48) | 202.49 (38.89) | 609.11 (118.88) | ||
Hospital inpatient services | 71.54 (17.82) | 49.54 (37.10) | 29.37 (10.08) | 120.55 (21.01) | 254.79 (54.47) | 683.28 (127.62) | 58.15 (18.95) | 78.75 (17.88) | 66.79 (17.65) | 34.14 (9.33) | 202.85 (72.40) | ||
Community health and social services | GP | 24.10 (2.13) | 31.74 (3.69) | 18.44 (2.16) | 39.73 (2.97) | 7.99 (1.51) | 3.48 (0.61) | 16.55 (1.97) | 148.38 (20.04) | 12.66 (1.30) | 25.33 (2.25) | 34.37 (4.70) | |
Dietician | 0.44 (0.25) | 1.71 (0.75) | 0.55 (0.41) | 0.19 (0.19) | 0.39 (0.17) | 0.77 (0.29) | 0.93 (0.47) | 1.32 (0.70) | 1.09 (0.31) | 3.60 (0.83) | 11.11 (3.32) | ||
Health visitor | 0.16 (0.10) | 2.28 (0.85) | 14.51 (4.44) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.78 (0.39) | 7.24 (5.39) | 1.49 (1.11) | 2.81 (1.28) | 6.50 (3.45) | 2.26 (0.72) | 0.00 (0.00) | ||
School nurse | 4.86 (1.84) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.67 (0.26) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.09 (0.06) | 0.01 (0.01) | 3.60 (0.65) | 1.98 (0.57) | 1.54 (0.43) | 6.96 (1.59) | 0.00 (0.00) | ||
Physiotherapist | 37.71 (13.79) | 13.20 (5.75) | 10.59 (4.56) | 29.19 (20.19) | 99.22 (15.28) | 1.46 (0.75) | 2.87 (1.77) | 309.51 (81.45) | 34.22 (6.45) | 47.99 (20.68) | 135.62 (99.96) | ||
Early childhood intervention | 15.28 (9.37) | 23.92 (20.13) | 11.71 (10.95) | 0.00 (0.00) | 21.15 (5.06) | 16.88 (5.04) | 0.52 (0.52) | 243.59 (91.02) | 100.25 (17.59) | 886.91 (416.92) | 60.28 (19.01) | ||
Others | 1.83 (0.32) | 2.32 (0.66) | 12.99 (1.75) | 0.47 (0.14) | 3.69 (0.48) | 0.00 (0.00) | 9.10 (0.98) | 46.88 (4.39) | 6.61 (0.79) | 1.52 (0.30) | 108.17 (14.88) | ||
Total community health and social services | 84.38 (17.66) | 75.16 (21.34) | 69.45 (13.18) | 69.58 (20.40) | 133.32 (17.42) | 29.84 (7.62) | 35.06 (3.45) | 754.47 (155.87) | 162.86 (23.67) | 974.57 (424.11) | 349.55 (106.27) | ||
Direct non-medical costs | Equipment costsa | 16.48 (7.77) | 142.07 (48.09) | 29.10 (12.18) | 14.79 (2.82) | 7.57 (2.40) | 23.82 (10.17) | 6.90 (2.96) | 207.28 (73.51) | 18.87 (4.43) | 12.40 (7.70) | 202.25 (180.00) | |
Out-of-pocket family expenses | 23.52 (8.09) | 61.97 (19.23) | 172.80 (103.13) | 20.09 (6.36) | 15.55 (4.80) | 162.52 (37.49) | 9.75 (5.64) | 729.97 (164.84) | 84.49 (19.02) | 28.48 (17.81) | 1419.72 (851.16) | ||
Indirect costs | Valuation of time off work | 587.10 (165.41) | 729.22 (314.42) | 732.75 (148.67) | 220.53 (48.17) | 223.18 (80.46) | 617.19 (111.02) | 252.87 (174.50) | 835.54 (239.52) | 734.35 (149.80) | 302.42 (91.20) | 954.93 (423.13) | |
Total societal costsb | 1019.59 (192.66) | 1189.33 (337.22) | 1472.92 (219.72) | 886.91 (78.14) | 851.92 (113.95) | 1744.93 (201.10) | 507.85 (197.22) | 4379.59 (604.41) | 1457.28 (205.51) | 1554.51 (500.28) | 3738.41 (1122.62) |
