Table 3 Median (P10–P90) of cytokine concentrations (normalized with the total protein content) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and tracheal aspirate (TA) in patients with and without ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

From: Early molecular markers of ventilator-associated pneumonia in bronchoalveolar lavage in preterm infants

 

BALF

TA

 

Cohort 1

Cohort 2

Cohort 1

Cohort 2

Compound

VAP (N = 4)

No VAP (N = 6)

P

VAP (N = 8)

No VAP (N = 8)

P

VAP (N = 5)

No VAP (N = 6)

P

VAP (N = 3)

No VAP (N = 4)

P

IL-12 pg/µg protein

n.d. (n.d. –0.004)

n.d. (n.d. –n.d.)

0.8

0.005 (0.0012–0.04)

0.003 (n.d. −0.009)

0.3

n.d. (n.d. −0.004)

0.007 (n.d. −0.14)

0.2

0.005 (0.004–0.017)

0.006 (0.0008–0.02)

0.9

INF-γ pg/µg protein

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

0.6 (0.2–3)

0.2

0.003 (0.0010–0.02)

0.0009 (n.d. −0.003)

0.10

0.5 (n.d. −1.4)

0.6 (0.14–3)

0.8

0.003 (0.002–0.010)

0.003 (0.0013–0.006)

0.6

G-CSF pg/µg protein

1.0 (0.5–2)

0.4 (n.d. −2.2)

0.3

0.7 (0.03–1.1)

0.10 (n.d. −0.4)

0.06

0.3 (0.10–1.5)

0.6 (0.2–2)

0.7

2 (0.7–3)

0.2 (0.07–0.5)

0.11

MCP-1 pg/µg protein

15 (8–39)

13 (11–17)

0.9

10 (0.3–86)

5 (n.d. −29)

0.3

11 (4–38)

13 (6–24)

1.0

20 (7–28)

4 (0.5–27)

0.6

IL-10 pg/µg protein

0.03 (0.009–0.05)

n.d. (n.d. −0.05)

0.3

0.009 (0.004–0.02)

0.0012 (n.d.–0.007)

0.02

n.d. (n.d.–0.16)

0.03 (n.d. –0.4)

0.4

0.09 (0.04–0.11)

0.0013 (0.0002–0.002)

0.06

MIP-1α pg/µg protein

3 (2–7)

0.7 (0.2–3)

0.07

0.2 (0.11–1.0)

0.08 (0.005–0.8)

0.10

2 (1.0–4)

2 (0.3–3)

0.3

2 (1.4–4)

0.07 (0.02–0.5)

0.06

IL-8 pg/µg protein

14 (8–59)

7 (1.1–27)

0.3

6 (2–20)

13 (0.02–26)

1.0

21 (2–37)

4 (2–21)

0.4

7 (3–7)

6 (1.3–9)

0.9

ICAM-1 ng/µg protein

2 (1.3–4)

2 (1.2–21)

1.0

425 (n.d.–21,865)

27 (n.d. –1,748,731)

0.7

2 (1.1–4)

3 (1.2–14)

0.5

n.d. (n.d.–n.d.)

32 (0.010–349)

0.2

IL-6 pg/µg protein

1.4 (0.6–1.6)

n.d. (n.d. –0.4)

0.14

3 (0.4–8)

0.3 (n.d. –3)

0.05

0.5 (0.2–2)

0.8 (0.14–2)

0.8

22 (9–50)

1.3 (0.08–3)

0.06

IL-1α pg/µg protein

0.3 (0.2–0.3)

0.06 (n.d. –0.4)

0.11

0.2 (0.02–2)

0.02 (n.d. –0.2)

0.08

0.2 (0.12–0.5)

0.12 (0.015–0.4)

0.5

2 (2–5)

0.02 (0.012–0.11)

0.06

INF-α pg/µg protein

0.9 (0.5–1.3)

0.9 (0.4–2)

0.8

0.007 (0.0011–0.6)

0.002 (n.d.–0.006)

0.11

0.4 (0.03–2)

1.0 (0.2–2)

0.7

0.005 (0.005–0.02)

0.002 (0.0003–0.004)

0.06

IL-13 pg/µg protein

0.5 (0.3–0.7)

0.4 (0.08–0.8)

0.5

0.002 (0.0008–0.02)

0.002 (0.0008–0.003)

0.5

0.2 (0.014–0.9)

0.3 (0.09–2)

0.7

0.003 (0.002–0.008)

0.0011 (0.0003–0.002)

0.06

IL-4 pg/µg protein

0.2(0.12–0.3)

0.2 (0.04–0.4)

0.8

0.0013 (0.0004–0.004)

0.0003 (n.d.–0.002)

0.2

0.09 (0.005–0.4)

0.3 (0.05–1.1)

0.2

0.002 (0.0012–0.006)

0.0006 (n.d.–0.0015)

0.2

IL-17 A pg/µg protein

0.5 (0.3–0.7)

0.2 (n.d. –0.3)

0.04

0.007 (0.003–0.016)

0.005 (0.0012–0.02)

0.7

0.3 (0.011–0.9)

0.2 (0.07–1.1)

0.8

0.02 (0.011–0.02)

0.003 (0.0007–0.004)

0.06

TNF-α pg/µg protein

0.7 (0.2–1.3)

0.07 (n.d. –0.3)

0.04

0.06 (0.006–0.2)

0.004 (n.d. –0.03)

0.02

0.4 (0.07–0.5)

0.3 (0.11–0.6)

1.0

0.2 (0.2–5)

0.004 (0.0011–0.008)

0.06

E-SELECTIN ng/µg protein

0.05 (0.03–0.08)

0.05 (0.03–0.12)

1.0

0.04 (0.02–0.11)

0.04 (n.d. –0.09)

0.7

0.07 (0.02–0.2)

0.04 (0.012–0.10)

0.5

0.05 (0.04–0.11)

0.03 (0.007–0.05)

0.2

  1. n.d. not detected, LAP latency-associated peptide, IFN-γ interferon-gamma, MIP-1β macrophage inflammatory protein-beta, G-CSF granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MIP-1α macrophage inflammatory protein-alpha, ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1, IFN-α interferon-alpha, IP-10 IFN-γ inducible protein 10, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
  2. P values correspond to Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
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