Table 2 Comparison of clinical and laboratory variables between COVID-19 patient subgroups.
From: Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism as risk factors for COVID-19
Group 1 vitamin D deficient (n = 94) | Group 2 normal vitamin D (n = 86) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 10.5 (8.3–18.6) | 10.7 (8.5–18.9) | 0.676 |
Male, n (%), 110 | 59 (61) | 51 (60.7) | 0.432 |
COVID-19 severity | |||
Moderate, n = 134 | 68 (72.3) | 66 (76.7) | |
Severe, n = 30 | 17 (18.08) | 13 (15) | 0.795 |
Critical, n = 16 | 9 (9.6) | 7 (8.1) | |
Fever >38 °C, n = 157 | 84 (89.3) | 73 (84.8) | 0.253 |
Dry cough, n = 102 | 57 (60.6) | 45 (52) | 0.087 |
Dyspnea, n = 43 | 23 (24) | 20 (23) | 0.546 |
Nausea/vomiting, n = 29 | 16 (17) | 13 (15) | 0.883 |
Diarrhea, n = 38 | 21 (22) | 17 (19.7) | 0.167 |
Fatigue, n = 22 | 12 (12.7) | 10 (11.6) | 0.839 |
Hypoxemia, n = 34 | 19 (20) | 15 (17.4) | 0.321 |
Cyanosis, n = 19 | 11 (11.7) | 8 (9.3) | 0.476 |
Pneumonia, n = 56 | 32 (34) | 24 (28) | 0.059 |
ARF, n = 12 | 7 (7.4) | 5 (5.8) | 0.221 |
Shock, n = 4 | 2 (2.1) | 2 (2.3) | 0.877 |
Duration of fever (in days) | 7 (2–11) | 5 (2–9) | 0.056 |
Duration of hospital stay (in days) | 6 (3–14) | 5 (2–10) | 0.358 |
Chest CT scan | |||
Ground-glass opacities, n = 56 | 32 (34) | 24 (28) | 0.668 |
Pulmonary consolidation, n = 48 | 27 (29) | 21 (24) | 0.723 |
Laboratory findings | |||
CRP (<8 mg/dL) | 7.3 (0.98–25) | 7.1 (0.88–23) | 0.267 |
Vitamin D level (ng/mL) | 11.65(5.73–17.86) | 25.73 (21.8–58.6) | <0.001 |
Parathyroid hormone level (pg/mL) | 47.6 (18.5–108.7) | 43.4(22.65–81.6) | 0.264 |
Serum calcium (mg/dL) | 9.58 ± 0.83 | 10.23 ± 0.68 | 0.073 |
Serum phosphorus (U/L) | 3.87 ± 0.75 | 4.94 ± 0.83 | 0.026 |
Serum alkaline phosphatase (mg/dL) | 217 ± 43 | 198 ± 56 | 0.143 |
Procalcitonin (<0.5 ng/mL) | 13.2 (1.2‐18.7) | 12.8 (1.1‐17.8) | 0.154 |
D-dimer, (<0.5 μg/mL) | 0.27 ± 1.3 | 0.24 ± 0.35 | 0.085 |
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) U/L | 245 (200–307) | 227 (198–304) | 0.372 |
Serum Ferritin, ref. (15–140) ng/mL | 41 (26–385) | 38 (21–356) | 0.343 |
White blood cell, ref. (4–10) × 109/L | 7.2 (5.6–11.6) | 7.3 (5.5–11.4) | 0.216 |
Neutrophils, ref. (2.0–7.2) × 109/L | 4.19 (2.34–7.54) | 4.38 (2.46–7.68) | 0.945 |
Lymphocytes, ref. (1.1–3.2) × 109/L | 2.18 (1.15–3.26) | 2.35 (1.8–3.4) | 0.058 |
Platelets, ref. (140–440) × 109/L | 167 (141–315) | 187 (165–320) | 0.132 |
ALT (<50 U/L) | 21.5 (14–78) | 19.6 (10.8–73) | 0.085 |
AST (<60 U/L) | 29 (14–95) | 25 (13–89) | 0.176 |
Creatinine (<62 μmol/L) | 46.7 (32–78) | 42 (29–58) | 0.659 |
