Table 3 The final approved LISA curriculum (LISA-CUR).

From: Curriculum and assessment tool for less invasive surfactant administration: an international Delphi consensus study

Indications and contraindications

 Knowledge about the indications and limitations of the LISA procedure

 Knowledge about the effect of surfactant on pulmonary function

 Knowledge about how to assess the severity of RDS according to local protocol

 Knowledge on the most recent relevant guidelines on RDS

Complications

 Knowledge about the incidence, signs, and management of complications during the LISA procedure

Familiarity with the equipment

 Familiar with equipment required for the LISA procedure

 Practical skills in inserting and positioning the catheter in the trachea at the correct depth

 Practical skills in maintaining the correct position of the catheter during surfactant administration

Drugs and non-pharmacological analgesic interventions

 Knowledge about the indications, dosage, correct administration, effects, and side effects of drugs that may be used as part of the LISA procedure

 Knowledge about advantages and disadvantages of using sedation and analgesia as part of the LISA procedure

 Knowledge about use of non-pharmacological analgesic interventions as part of the LISA procedure

Airway management

 Practical skills in optimizing positioning of the patient including manual airway maneuvers (e.g., jaw lift)

 Knowledge about the neonatal upper respiratory and lower respiratory airway anatomy

 Knowledge about airway visualization techniques using a laryngoscope

 Knowledge about indications for intubation in terms of failure criteria for the LISA procedure

 Practical skills in endotracheal intubation

Respiratory support

 Practical skills in mask ventilation using a bag-valve-mask or T-piece

 Practical skills in non-invasive ventilation

 Knowledge of indications for CPAP

 Practical skills in using nasal CPAP

Physical examinations and vital signs

 Knowledge about target vital sign values such as heart rate and saturation

 Knowledge about how to recognize signs of pain and distress

Evaluation and outcomes

 Knowledge about how to evaluate LISA procedure success or failure

Other skills

 Knowledge about other methods of surfactant administration

 Practical skills in treatment of pneumothorax

 Knowledge about chest X-ray interpretation in newborn infants with signs of respiratory distress

 Knowledge about blood gas interpretation

 Knowledge about maintaining thermal control during the LISA procedure

 Practical skills in neonatal life support

  1. The approved LISA-CUR.
  2. CPAP continuous positive airway pressure, LISA less invasive surfactant administration, LISA-CUR LISA curriculum, LISA-AT LISA assessment tool, RDS respiratory distress syndrome.
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