Table 2

From: Correction: Prenatal metal concentrations and physical abnormalities in the Japan environment and children’s study

 

Physical abnormalities

(ncase = 11,163)

 

Crudea

 

Adjustedb

 

Participants (n = 89,887)/Maternal blood Cd, Pb, Hg, Se, and Mn quartile concentrations

OR (95% CI)c

p value

OR (95% CI)c

p value

Cd

      1st quartile (≤0.495 ng/g) (n = 22,591)

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

      2nd quartile (0.496–0.662 ng/g) (n = 22,472)

1.05 (1.00−1.11)

0.122

1.02 (0.97−1.08)

0.437

  3rd quartile (0.663–0.903 ng/g) (n = 22,395)

1.04 (0.99−1.10)

0.138

1.01 (0.95−1.07)

0.849

      4th quartile (≥0.904 ng/g) (n = 22,429)

1.07 (1.01−1.13)

0.023

1.00 (0.95−1.06)

0.927

  p-value for trend

 

0.142

 

0.862

Pb

      1st quartile (≤4.69 ng/g) (n = 22,520)

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

      2nd quartile (4.70–5.84 ng/g) (n = 22,544)

1.02 (0.96−1.08)

0.557

1.01 (0.96−1.07)

0.695

      3rd quartile (5.85–7.32 ng/g) (n = 22,461)

1.03 (0.98−1.09)

0.282

1.02 (0.96−1.08)

0.511

      4th quartile (≥7.33 ng/g) (n = 22,362)

1.00 (0.95−1.06)

0.926

0.97 (0.92−1.03)

0.360

  p-value for trend

 

0.686

 

0.414

Hg

      1st quartile (≤2.54 ng/g) (n = 22,638)

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

      2nd quartile (2.55–3.63 ng/g) (n = 22,394)

0.98 (0.93−1.04)

0.563

0.98 (0.93−1.03)

0.434

      3rd quartile (3.64–5.19 ng/g) (n = 22,418)

0.99 (0.94−1.05)

0.685

0.98 (0.93−1.04)

0.491

      4th quartile (≥5.20 ng/g) (n = 22,437)

0.97 (0.92−1.03)

0.297

0.96 (0.91−1.02)

0.157

  p-value for trend

 

0.772

 

0.569

Se

      1st quartile (≤156 ng/g) (n = 24,235)

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

      2nd quartile (157–167 ng/g) (n = 21,083)

1.02 (0.96−1.08)

0.496

1.02 (0.97−1.08)

0.435

      3rd quartile (168–181 ng/g) (n = 23,122)

1.03 (0.97−1.08)

0.372

1.03 (0.97−1.09)

0.313

       4th quartile (≥182 ng/g) (n = 21,447)

1.01 (0.96−1.07)

0.619

1.02 (0.96−1.08)

0.581

       p-value for trend

 

0.830

 

0.769

Mn

      1st quartile (≤12.5 ng/g) (n = 22,639)

1.00 (Reference)

 

1.00 (Reference)

 

      2nd quartile (12.6–15.3 ng/g) (n = 22,941)

0.98 (0.92−1.03)

0.384

0.98 (0.93−1.04)

0.516

      3rd quartile (15.4–18.6 ng/g) (n = 22,351)

1.00 (0.95−1.06)

0.891

1.01 (0.96−1.07)

0.643

      4th quartile (≥18.7 ng/g) (n = 21,956)

1.05 (1.00−1.11)

0.070

1.06 (1.01−1.13)

0.031

  p-value for trend

 

0.056

 

0.034

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval.
  2. aLogistic regression models are non-adjusted.
  3. bLogistic regression models were adjusted for maternal age, parity, artificial pregnancy, smoking in the first trimester, alcohol consumption in the first trimester, and child sex.
  4. cOR (95% CI) represents the expected odds ratio (95% confidence interval) compared with 1st quartile for Cd, Pb, Hg, Se, and Mn concentrations.
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