Table 1 Basic characteristics.
From: Glucose-regulatory hormones and growth in very preterm infants fed fortified human milk
Characteristic | n | Entire study cohort | n | IGF-1 sub-cohorta | n | Other hormones sub-cohorta |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perinatal variables | ||||||
Bovine colostrum/Conventional fortifier, n (%) | 225 | 109/116 (48.4/51.6) | 101 | 54/47 (53.5/46.5) | 94 | 48/46 (51.1/48.9) |
Gestational age at birth, mean (SD), weeks + days | 225 | 28 + 5 (1 + 3) | 101 | 29 + 0 (1 + 2) | 94 | 29 + 0 (1 + 2) |
Males/females, n (%) | 225 | 129/96 (57.3/42.7) | 101 | 57/44 (56.4/43.6) | 94 | 56/38 (59.6/40.4) |
Multiple birth, n (%) | 225 | 70 (31.1) | 101 | 31 (30.7) | 94 | 29 (30.9) |
Small for gestational age, n (%) | 225 | 52 (23.1) | 101 | 31 (30.7) | 94 | 18 (19.1) |
Antenatal steroid treatment, n (%) | 225 | 215 (95.6) | 101 | 95 (94.1) | 94 | 89 (94.7) |
Chorioamnionitis, n (%) | 222 | 8 (3.6) | 101 | 2 (2.0) | 94 | 3 (3.2) |
Preeclampsia, n (%) | 219 | 49 (22.4) | 96 | 24 (23.8) | 89 | 17 (19.1) |
Abruptio placenta, n (%) | 221 | 18 (8.1) | 99 | 9 (9.1) | 93 | 9 (9.7) |
Prolonged premature rupture of membranes, n (%) | 225 | 49 (21.8) | 101 | 18 (17.8) | 94 | 20 (21.3) |
Cesarean section, n (%) | 225 | 161 (71.6) | 101 | 78 (77.2) | 94 | 68 (72.3) |
Apgar 5 min, mean (SD) | 211 | 9.0 (1.7) | 95 | 8.8 (1.9) | 88 | 8.8 (2.0) |
Neonatal variables | ||||||
Ventilator prior to intervention, n (%) | 225 | 44 (19.6) | 101 | 12 (11.9) | 94 | 12 (12.8) |
Treatment with systemic steroids, n (%) | 225 | 10 (4.4) | 101 | 4 (4.0) | 94 | 3 (3.2) |
Early-onset sepsis (5 days with antibiotics started within 2 days after birth), n (%) | 225 | 25 (11.1) | 101 | 8 (7.9) | 94 | 5 (5.3) |
Late-onset sepsis (5 days with antibiotics started 3 days after birth or later), n (%) | 225 | 46 (20.4) | 101 | 16 (15.8) | 94 | 14 (14.9) |
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) | ||||||
No IVH, n (%) | 222 | 186 (83.8) | 100 | 88 (88.0) | 93 | 80 (86.0) |
Grade 1–2, n (%) | 222 | 28 (12.6) | 100 | 12 (12) | 93 | 13 (14.0) |
Grade 3–4, n (%) | 222 | 8 (3.6) | 100 | 0 (0) | 93 | 0 (0) |
Necrotizing enterocolitis, n (%) | 222 | 7 (3.2) | 100 | 3 (3.0) | 93 | 2 (2.1) |
Patent ductus arteriosus, n (%) | 221 | 65 (29.4) | 100 | 19 (19.0) | 93 | 21 (22.6) |
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), n (%) | 218 | 3 (1.4) | 99 | 0 (0) | 92 | 0 (0) |
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) | ||||||
No ROP, n (%) | 214 | 196 (91.6) | 97 | 90 (92.8) | 90 | 83 (92.2) |
Stage 1–2, n (%) | 214 | 16 (7.5) | 97 | 7 (7.2) | 90 | 7 (7.8) |
Stage 3–5, n (%) | 214 | 2 (0.9) | 97 | 0 (0) | 90 | 0 (0) |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), n (%) | 219 | 39 (17.8) | 98 | 15 (15.3) | 91 | 13 (14.3) |
Anthropometry at birth | ||||||
Weight, mean (SD), g | 225 | 1168 (328) | 101 | 1181 (319) | 94 | 1223 (345) |
Weight Z-score, mean (SD) | 225 | –1.12 (1.23) | 101 | –1.33 (1.19) | 94 | – 1.09 (1.24) |
Length Z-score, mean (SD) | 199 | –1.36 (1.92) | 92 | –1.43 (1.94) | 86 | – 1.11 (1.86) |
Head circumference Z-score, mean (SD) | 201 | –0.73 (1.0) | 94 | –0.82 (0.95) | 86 | – 0.65 (0.99) |
Anthropometry at end of intervention | ||||||
Weight, mean (SD), g | 223 | 2130 (361) | 99 | 2071 (366) | 92 | 2154 (349) |
Weight Z-score, mean (SD) | 223 | –1.32 (1.08) | 99 | –1.50 (1.07) | 92 | –1.26 (1.06) |
Length Z-score, mean (SD) | 206 | –1.77 (1.70) | 92 | –1.89 (1.78) | 87 | –1.68 (1.73) |
Head circumference Z-score, mean (SD) | 204 | –0.66 (0.95) | 89 | –0.70 (0.93) | 85 | –0.56 (0.93) |
