Table 3 The effect size of risk factors for CRT in children

Patient-related risk factors

Sex (Male vs Female)

23

1.03

0.95–1.12

0.43

24

0.15

Fixed

Age: <1 year old

10

1.27

1.00–1.62

0.05

79

<0.00001

Random

Age: >5 year old

2

1.30

0.86–1.96

0.21

0

0.50

Fixed

Age: >13 year old

3

1.57

0.43–5.70

0.50

72

0.03

Random

Age: continuous variable

5

1.01

1.00–1.02

0.21

73

0.005

Random

History of thrombosis

9

2.78

1.90–4.07

<0.00001

0

0.95

Fixed

History of catheterization

3

1.90

1.23–2.92

0.003

28

0.25

Fixed

Thrombophilia

4

2.28

1.32–3.95

0.003

0

0.60

Fixed

Infection

11

1.37

0.91–2.06

0.13

64

0.002

Random

Sepsis

8

1.20

0.62–2.31

0.58

75

0.0002

Random

Cancer

13

1.38

0.97–1.95

0.07

49

0.02

Random

Cardiovascular disease

18

1.01

0.70–1.44

0.97

76

<0.00001

Random

Gastrointestinal diseases

4

2.09

0.95–4.60

0.07

76

0.006

Random

Neurological disease

3

1.05

0.67–1.63

0.84

58

0.09

Random

Autoimmune disease

2

3.82

1.42–10.31

0.008

0

0.38

Fixed

Asphyxia

2

3.70

0.26–51.97

0.33

71

0.06

Random

ECMO

3

1.52

1.32–1.75

<0.00001

0

0.57

Fixed

CVAD-related risk factors

Geographic location of line placement

3

0.27

0.21–0.34

<0.00001

0

1.00

Fixed

Location of insertion 1 (Femoral VS Jugular)

15

1.69

0.98–2.91

0.06

88

<0.00001

Random

Location of insertion 2 (Femoral VS Subclavian)

12

2.68

2.08–3.46

<0.00001

37

0.09

Fixed

Location of insertion 3 (Subclavian VS Jugular)

13

0.81

0.42–1.54

0.51

74

<0.00001

Random

Location of insertion 4 (Femoral VS Upper extremity)

4

4.81

1.08–21.29

0.04

74

0.009

Random

Location of insertion 5 (Jugular VS Upper extremity)

3

2.30

1.18–4.48

0.01

0

0.62

Fixed

Location of insertion 6 (Subclavian VS Upper extremity)

2

0.68

0.32–1.48

0.33

37

0.21

Fixed

Location of insertion 7 (Brachial VS Basilic)

3

0.71

0.47–1.08

0.11

0

0.73

Fixed

Location of insertion 8 (Brachial VS Cephalic)

3

0.89

0.49–1.64

0.72

35

0.21

Fixed

Location of insertion 9 (Cephalic VS Basilic)

4

0.84

0.52–1.36

0.48

0

0.82

Fixed

Location of insertion 10 (Basilic VS Median vein)

2

0.95

0.38–2.36

0.91

0

0.76

Fixed

Location of insertion 11 (Upper extremity VS Lower extremity)

3

0.63

0.12–3.39

0.59

82

0.003

Random

Catheter size (<5 F VS ≥ 5 F)

6

0.68

0.47–1.00

0.05

0

0.53

Fixed

Catheter dysfunction

4

1.74

1.29–2.35

0.0003

0

0.98

Fixed

Side of insertion (right VS left)

15

0.97

0.77–1.22

0.81

46

0.02

Random

Type of catheter 1 (PICC VS tunnedlled CVC)

6

1.34

0.73–2.46

0.34

64

0.02

Random

Type of catheter 2 (PICC VS nontunneled CVC)

6

1.00

0.52–1.93

0.99

91

<0.00001

Random

Type of catheter 3 (PICC VS Tunneled lines)

6

1.81

1.02–3.21

0.04

76

0.0008

Random

Type of catheter 4 (PICC VS TIVAP)

4

2.17

0.84–5.60

0.11

72

0.01

Random

Type of catheter 5 (PICC VS Hemodialysis catheters)

3

1.00

0.84–1.19

1.00

45

0.16

Fixed

Type of catheter 6 (NON-PICC)

5

0.70

0.31–1.56

0.38

82

0.0002

Random

Type of catheter 7 (tunnedlled CVC VS nontunneled CVC)

5

0.62

0.35–1.10

0.10

54

0.07

Random

Type of catheter 8 (TIVAP VS tunnedlled CVC)

4

0.68

0.30–1.54

0.36

58

0.07

Random

Type of catheter 9 (TIVAP VS nontunneled CVC)

3

0.39

0.09–1.64

0.20

65

0.06

Random

Non-optimal tip location

4

2.75

1.36–5.56

0.005

0

0.82

Fixed

Number of lumens (Multiple VS Singer)

10

1.82

1.13–2.93

0.01

87

<0.00001

Random

Number of catheters (Multiple VS Singer)

3

2.97

2.16–4.08

<0.00001

33

0.23

Fixed

Catheter indwelling time

6

1.01

1.00–1.02

0.008

47

0.09

Fixed

CLABSI

9

4.93

3.02–8.05

<0.00001

41

0.10

Fixed

Difficult insertion

7

1.57

0.90–2.73

0.11

67

0.006

Random

Treatment-related risk factors

TPN

14

1.37

1.10–1.71

0.004

26

0.18

Fixed

Surgery

13

0.90

0.62–1.32

0.59

86

<0.00001

Random

Dialysis

4

1.85

1.56–2.19

<0.00001

6

0.36

Fixed

Mechanical ventilation

8

1.50

1.01–2.22

0.04

66

0.005

Random

Mechanical thromboprophylaxis/limb exercises

4

1.27

0.44–3.67

0.65

81

0.001

Random

Tissue plasminogen activator

2

0.32

0.01–14.82

0.56

92

0.0003

Random

Glucocorticoid

2

2.17

1.36–3.48

0.001

0

0.73

Fixed

Vasoactive drugs

7

1.70

1.22–2.37

0.002

37

0.15

Fixed

Hypertonic liquid

3

3.42

0.76–15.46

0.11

55

0.11

Random

Blood products

7

1.36

0.91–2.03

0.14

0

0.57

Fixed

Cardiac catheterization

2

3.15

1.27–7.83

0.01

88

0.004

Random

Length of hospital admission

2

1.51

0.54–4.22

0.43

73

0.05

Random