Table 2 Factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in VLBW infants (<1500 g).

From: Placental abruption and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates with birth weight ≥1500 grams; US national database study

 

Infants with necrotizing enterocolitis n = 11,145

Infants with no necrotizing enterocolitis n = 151,125

aOR 95% CI, p-value

Female sex

42.8

50.1

0.8 (0.7–0.8), <0.001

Race/Ethnicity

 Caucasians

31.2

36.0

Reference

 African Americans

27.9

26.5

1.2 (1.1–1.2), 0.009

 Hispanic/Latinos

17.7

16.0

1.2 (1.1–1.3), <0.001

 Asian/Pacific Islanders

3.63

4.15

1.0 (0.9–1.1), 0.13

 Native Americans

0.40

0.76

0.7 (0.5–0.9), <0.001

 Maternal hypertension

4.76

5.47

0.9 (0.9–1.1), 0.51

 Maternal diabetes

3.28

4.05

0.8 (0.7–0.9), <0.001

 Maternal chorioamnionitis

4.85

3.29

1.0 (0.9–1.2), 0.64

 Placenta previa

0.49

0.51

1.0 (0.8–1.3), 0.80

 Nuchal cord

0.58

0.80

0.7 (0.5–0.9), 0.02

 Cord prolapse

0.45

0.47

0.8 (0.6–1.0), 0.25

 Breech presentation

3.50

3.78

0.9 (0.8–1.0), 0.01

 Malpresentation

0.45

0.41

0.9 (0.7–1.3), 0.70

 Congenital heart disease

40.6

26.4

1.4 (1.3–1.4), <0.001

 Diaphragmatic hernia

0.13

0.16

0.7 (0.4–1.1), 0.13

 Abdominal wall defects

0.22

0.28

0.8 (0.6–1.3), 0.38

 Chromosomal disorders

0.90

0.77

1.4 (1.2–1.8), <0.001

 Birth asphyxia

0.40

0.31

1.1 (0.8–1.5), 0.47

 Respiratory distress syndrome

72.8

67.9

0.9 (0.9–1.0), <0.001

 Pneumothorax

6.46

3.61

1.4 (1.3–1.5), <0.001

 Pulmonary hemorrhage

0.85

0.36

1.7 (1.3–2.1), <0.001

 Pulmonary hypertension

2.56

1.26

1.3 (1.1–1.4), <0.001

 Apnea of prematurity

67.5

58.3

1.0 (1.0–1.1), 0.21

 Anemia of prematurity

76.5

52.9

2.3 (2.2–2.4), <0.001

 Neonatal sepsis

45.5

18.6

3.0 (2.9–3.1), <0.001

 Placental abruption

7.36

6.85

1.0 (1.0–1.1), 0.87

  1. All values are percentages. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-value for the relationship of necrotizing enterocolitis with placental abruption obtained through logistic regression analysis controlling for infant’s sex, race, maternal diabetes, hypertension, or chorioamnionitis, placenta previa, nuchal cord, cord prolapse, breech or malpresentation, respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, pulmonary hemorrhage or hypertension, congenital heart disease, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, birth asphyxia, and chromosomal disorders.
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