Table 3 Factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in infants ≥1500 g.

From: Placental abruption and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates with birth weight ≥1500 grams; US national database study

 

Infants with necrotizing enterocolitis n = 9195

Infants with no necrotizing enterocolitis n = 11,426,116

aOR 95% CI, p-value

Female sex

40.4

48.6

0.79 (0.76–0.83), <0.001

Race/Ethnicity

 Caucasians

39.8

46.6

Reference

 African Americans

20.4

13.1

1.54 (1.45–1.64), <0.001

 Hispanic/Latinos

16.0

18.2

0.99 (0.94–1.06), 0.22

 Asian/Pacific Islanders

3.37

5.46

0.84 (0.75–0.95), <0.001

 Native Americans

0.92

0.65

1.34 (1.06–1.70), <0.001

Maternal hypertension

2.83

0.49

1.73 (1.51–1.98), <0.001

Maternal diabetes

7.18

3.04

1.22 (1.12–1.33), <0.001

Maternal chorioamnionitis

3.59

0.97

1.27 (1.12–1.43), <0.001

Placenta Previa

0.49

0.06

1.27 (0.92–1.75), 0.15

Nuchal cord

0.92

1.34

0.59 (0.47–0.74), <0.001

Cord prolapse

0.16

0.05

1.06 (0.61–1.85), 0.85

Breech presentation

1.52

0.63

0.91 (0.76–1.1), 0.28

Malpresentation

0.54

0.55

0.84 (0.63–1.12), 0.24

Congenital heart disease

38.4

2.10

6.13 (5.82–6.46), <0.001

Diaphragmatic hernia

1.25

0.04

4.44 (3.60–5.47), <0.001

Abdominal wall defects

4.35

0.07

10.3 (9.07–11.6), <0.001

Chromosomal disorders

3.86

0.19

3.02 (2.68–3.41), <0.001

Birth asphyxia

0.82

0.03

3.49 (2.70–4.51), <0.001

Respiratory distress syndrome

37.3

4.13

1.65 (1.56–1.74), <0.001

Pneumothorax

3.48

0.42

1.29 (1.14–1.47), <0.001

Pulmonary hemorrhage

0.11

0.01

0.82 (0.40–1.58), 0.58

Pulmonary hypertension

1.63

0.12

0.87 (0.73–1.05), 0.15

Apnea of prematurity

33.8

1.89

3.33 (3.14–3.54), <0.001

Anemia of prematurity

34.1

0.63

8.01 (7.58–8.59), <0.001

Neonatal sepsis

32.6

1.26

8.07 (7.65–8.51), <0.001

Placental abruption

1.58

0.13

1.34 (1.11–1.62), 0.003

  1. All values are percentages. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p-value for the relationship of necrotizing enterocolitis with placental abruption obtained through logistic regression analysis controlling for infant’s sex, race, maternal diabetes, hypertension, or chorioamnionitis, placenta previa, nuchal cord, cord prolapse, breech or malpresentation, respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, pulmonary hemorrhage or hypertension, congenital heart disease, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, birth asphyxia, and chromosomal disorders.
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