Table 2 Processing speed, working memory, psychosocial functions, and quality of life at T1, T2, and their change scores.

Processing speed

54

103.44 (16.96)

101.91 (13.84)

0.64

0.520

0.09

−1.54 (17.56)

65–147

71–134

−67–30

Working memory

41

99.61 (11.66)

98.05 (11.84)

0.82

0.420

0.13

−1.56 (12.25)

70–126

77–129

−33–30

Total difficulties score^a

31

7.42 (3.41)

7.55 (3.85)

−0.61

0.542

0.04

0.13 (3.50)

2–15

2–15

−9–5

Emotional distress^a

31

2.23 (1.28)

1.77 (1.61)

−1.66

0.097

0.31

−0.45 (1.48)

0–6

0–6

−3–3

Conduct problems^a

31

1.16 (0.97)

1.48 (1.34)

−1.18

0.238

0.22

0.32 (1.459)

0–3

0–5

−3–3

Hyperactivity^a

31

2.65 (2.12)

2.81 (2.09)

−0.61

0.539

0.11

0.16 (1.51)

0–7

0–7

−3–3

Peer problems^a

31

1.39 (1.61)

1.48 (1.67)

−0.37

0.711

0.07

0.10 (1.42)

0–5

0–6

−3–3

Prosocial behavior ^b

31

8.94 (1.06)

8.32 (1.54)

−2.33

0.020

0.36

−0.61 (1.69)

5–10

4–10

−4–5

Quality of life score^b

21

54.45 (33.46)

56.78 (31.61)

−0.43

0.664

0.07

2.33 (32.95)

0.0–97.3

4.0–100.0

−47.60–92.10

Problem score^a

21

67.32 (25.72)

57.31 (25.03)

−1.53

0.133

0.36

−10.02 (28.13)

0–100

27.2–100

−58.40–39.70

Processing speed

28

95.64 (14.52)

107.11 (12.49)

−7.85

<0.001

1.48

11.46 (7.72)

65–123

86–134

0–30

Working memory

17

95.29 (12.17)

105.06 (12.61)

−4.71

<0.001

1.14

9.76 (8.54)

70–123

79–129

0–30

Total difficulties score^a

17

8.06 (3.72)

5.88 (3.60)

−2.67

0.008

0.73

−2.18 (2.98)

2–15

1–15

−9–0

Emotional distress^a

24

2.50 (1.29)

1.50 (1.64)

−3.23

0.001

0.88

−1 (1.14)

0–6

0–6

−3–0

Conduct problems^a

19

1.37 (1.12)

0.79 (0.86)

−2.64

0.008

0.69

−0.58 (0.84)

0–3

0–3

−3–0

Hyperactivity^a

20

2.85 (2.18)

2.15 (2.03)

−2.56

0.011

0.68

−0.7 (1.03)

0–7

0–6

−3–0

Peer problems^a

21

1.52 (1.69)

0.86 (1.39)

−2.72

0.006

0.73

−0.67 (0.91)

0–5

0–5

−3–0

Prosocial behavior^b

16

8.81 (1.28)

9.38 (0.72)

−2.12

0.034

0.45

0.56 (1.26)

5–10

8–10

0–5

Quality of life score^b

9

49.59 (36.14)

79.46 (21.31)

−2.67

0.008

0.96

29.87 (31.26)

0.0–94.0

42.1–100.0

1.50–92.10

Problem score^a

13

72.33 (19.97)

47.35 (20.26)

−2.805

0.005

1.07

−24.98 (23.44)

47.6–100

27.2–95.4

−58.40–0

Processing speed

26

111.85 (15.51)

96.31 (13.22)

5.66

<0.001

1.11

−15.54 (14.00)

86–147

71–120

−67 to −3

Working memory

24

102.67 (10.48)

93.08 (8.43)

6.67

<0.001

1.14

−9.58 (6.96)

84–126

77–111

−33 to −3

Total difficulties score^a

14

6.64 (2.95)

9.57 (3.20)

−3.31

<0.001

2.12

2.93 (1.38)

2–11

3–15

1–5

Emotional distress^a

7

1.29 (0.76)

2.71 (1.11)

−2.46

0.014

1.82

1.43 (0.79)

0–2

1–4

1–3

Conduct problems^a

12

0.83 (0.58)

2.58 (1.24)

−3.14

0.002

1.81

1.75 (0.97)

0–2

1–5

1–3

Hyperactivity^a

11

2.27 (2.05)

4.00 (1.67)

−2.98

0.003

2.20

1.73 (0.79)

0–6

2–7

1–3

Peer problems^a

10

1.10 (1.45)

2.80 (1.48)

−2.85

0.004

2.07

1.70 (0.82)

0–4

1–6

1–3

Prosocial behavior^b

15

9.07 (0.80)

7.20 (1.37)

−3.46

<0.001

1.76

−1.87 (1.06)

8–10

4–9

−4 to −1

Quality of life score^b

12

58.09 (32.43)

39.78 (27.38)

−3.06

0.002

1.37

−18.32 (13.33)

9.2–97.3

4.0–85.9

−47.60 to −2.20

Problem score^a

8

59.19 (32.92)

73.49 (24.54)

−2.69

0.031

0.95

14.30 (15.05)

0–96

36–100

3–39.70