Table 1 Comparison of baseline maternal and neonatal characteristics in the growth cohort in both epochs.
From: Improved linear growth after routine zinc supplementation in preterm very low birth weight infants
Characteristics | Epoch-1 | Epoch-2 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal | N = 423 | N = 302 | |
Prenatal/first trimester maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 32.50 ± 7.18 (366) | 31.00 ± 8.23 (199) | 0.03 |
Multiple gestation | 54 (12.8%) | 44 (14.6%) | 0.48 |
Material community deprivation index > 0.3 | 316/422 (74.9%) | 235/299 (78.6%) | 0.25 |
Medicaid | 375 (88.7%) | 272 (90.1%) | 0.55 |
Prenatal care | 399 (94.3%) | 279 (92.4%) | 0.30 |
Pregnancy-induced hypertension | 190 (44.9%) | 128 (42.4%) | 0.50 |
Diabetes mellitus | 63 (14.9%) | 56 (18.5%) | 0.19 |
Antenatal steroids | 380 (89.8%) | 265 (87.7%) | 0.38 |
Magnesium sulfate | 240 (56.7%) | 166 (55.0%) | 0.45 |
Race/ethnicity | *0.27 | ||
Hispanic | 282 (66.7%) | 189 (71.6%) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 117 (27.7%) | 62 (23.5%) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 20 (4.7%) | 8 (3.0%) | |
Other | 4 (0.9%) | 5 (1.9%) | |
Cesarean delivery | 268 (63.4%) | 206 (68.2%) | 0.18 |
Neonatal | N = 480 | N = 346 | |
Female | 224 (46.7%) | 187 (54.0%) | 0.04 |
Gestational age (weeks) | 30.7 (28.3, 32.1) | 30.8 (28.3, 32.1) | 0.95 |
Gestational age <30 weeks | 196 (40.8%) | 139 (40.2%) | 0.85 |
Birthweight (grams) | 1403 (1090, 1690) | 1430 (1030, 1720) | 0.85 |
Weight Z-score | 0.12 ± 1.18 | 0.08 ± 1.18 | 0.65 |
Arterial cord blood pH | 7.25 ± 0.09 (314) | 7.24 ± 0.09 (217) | 0.62 |
Arterial cord blood base deficit (mmol/L) | −6.7 ± 4.1 (313) | −6.8 ± 3.9 (217) | 0.71 |
Delayed cord clamping | - | 20 (5.8%) | - |
Apgar score at 5 min | 8 (7,9) | 8 (7,9) | 0.46 |
Maximum FiO2 in delivery room | 0.40 (0.30, 1.00) | 0.40 (0.30, 1.00) | 0.14 |
Endotracheal intubation in delivery room | 56 (11.7%) | 37 (10.7%) | 0.66 |
Chest compressions in delivery room | 4 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.14 |
Admission temperature (degrees centigrade) | 36.3 ± 0.8 | 36.1 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |
Admission temperature | < 0.001 | ||
36.5–37.5 °C | 158 (32.9%)a | 78 (22.7%)b | |
< 36.5 °C | 300 (62.5%)a | 259 (75.5%)b | |
> 37.5 °C | 22 (4.6%)a | 6 (1.7%)b | |
Small for gestational age | 58 (12.1%) | 41 (11.8%) | 0.92 |
Birth FOC (cm) | 27.5 (25.5, 29.0) | 27.5 (25.0, 29.5) | 0.95 |
FOC Z-score | −0.07 ± 1.03 | −0.06 ± 1.09 | 0.92 |
Accurate length in 1st week (cm) | 38.7 (35.7, 40.7) (334) | 38.8 (35.0, 41.2) (259) | 0.51 |
Accurate length Z-score | −0.29 ± 1.94 | −0.39 ± 0.88 | 0.36 |
BMI using first accurate length (kg/m2) | 8.37 (7.56, 9.19) (334) | 8.50 (7.54, 9.30) | 0.44 |
BMI Z-score | −0.43 ± 1.42 | −0.45 ± 2.24 | 0.86 |
