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Circulating adipokines in girls with central precocious puberty: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Pediatric Research (2025)Cite this article

Abstract

Objectives

This meta-analysis aimed to assess circulating adipokine levels in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) and compare them with those in healthy controls.

Methods

An exhaustive literature search was conducted, using the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases, from the inception of the study to October 31, 2023, to identify relevant studies. Studies comparing the serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, irisin, apelin, omentin,chemerin, resistin, vaspin, and visfatin in girls with CPP and healthy girls of the same age were included. The findings were summarized in Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation evidence profiles and synthesized qualitatively.

Results

Eleven studies that included 701 girls with CPP and 590 healthy girls were analyzed after the selection process. Leptin levels were significantly increased, whereas adiponectin levels were decreased in girls with CPP. Irisin levels did not change significantly. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses indicated that the heterogeneity in the association of leptin with CPP might be due to factors such as the number of cases, diagnostic criteria for CPP, and measurement methods.

Conclusions

Adipokines levels were altered in girls with CPP compared with those in healthy controls. Preventing obesity in children and adolescents with CPP is crucial.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022371490.

Impact

  • This meta-analysis is the first to explore the relationship between adipokines and central precocious puberty.

  • The results of this systematic review provide evidence that adipokines levels are altered in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) compared with those in healthy controls. CPP in girls increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Preventing obesity in children and adolescents, especially in those with precocious puberty, is crucial.

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Fig. 1: Flow chart of the selection process.
Fig. 2: Forest plot of the levels of serum adipokines in cases and healthy controls.

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Data availability

The datasets analyzed in the present study are available from the published papers that have been cited in this manuscript.

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Acknowledgements

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Funding

Beijing University of Chinese Medicine vertical research and development fund (No. 2023-ZXFZJJ-058).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China

    Mei Jiang

  2. Department of Acupuncture, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China

    Ying Gao

  3. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China

    Ling Huang

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  1. Mei Jiang
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  2. Ying Gao
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  3. Ling Huang
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Contributions

MJ: scientific design, study selection, data extraction and manuscript writing. YG: literature search, study selection, data analysis and figure preparation. LH: study selection, data extraction and manuscript editing. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ling Huang.

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Jiang, M., Gao, Y. & Huang, L. Circulating adipokines in girls with central precocious puberty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Res (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-03976-4

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