Table 1 Characteristics of participants, main CSF results, clinical diagnoses and results of the HRUS device

From: Non-invasive meningitis screening in neonates and infants: multicentre international study

N	Site	Age (days)	Weight (grams)	Sex	CSF appearance	Corrected WBC	CSF microbiology (*=PCR)	Clinicians’ diagnosis	HRUS result	#Frames	Accuracy
SPAIN
1	HULP	4	2035	F	tur	53	negative	meningitis	≥30 WBC	31	0.65
2	HULP	63	5000	F	cle	85	negative	meningitis	≥30 WBC	24	1.00
3	HULP	9	3900	F	cle	520	Enterovirus *	meningitis	≥30 WBC	44	1.00
4	HULP	22	3370	M	tur	2400	Klebsiella	meningitis	≥30 WBC	50	0.98
5	HQM	93	4900	M	tur	300	S. Agalactiae	meningitis	≥30 WBC	28	0.79
6	HQM	32	3600	M	tur	430	S. Agalactiae	meningitis	≥30 WBC	36	1.00
7	HQM	32	3600	M	tur	169	negative	meningitis	≥30 WBC	233	0.57
≥30 WBC		28.5 [9–33]	4235 [3385–4775]			300 [153–558]
8	HULP	64	4420	F	cle	7	negative	control	<30 WBC	11	1.00
9	HULP	3	3290	F	cle	3	negative	control	<30 WBC	19	1.00
10	HQM	16	3120	M	cle	13	negative	control	≥30 WBC	15	0.20
11	HSJD	17	2965	M	cle	15	negative	control	<30 WBC	14	0.79
12	HSJD	4	3890	F	cle	5	negative	control	<30 WBC	24	0.79
13	HSJD	5	2690	F	hem	9	negative	control	≥30 WBC	34	0.15
14	HSJD	32	4000	M	hem	18	negative	control	<30 WBC	81	0.81
15	HSJD	61	4150	M	cle	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	18	0.94
16	HSJD	337	8600	M	cle	11	negative	control	<30 WBC	55	1.00
17	HSJD	23	4220	F	cle	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	64	0.73
<30 WBC		17 [5–44.5]	3925 [3095–4925]			6 [3–12]
Total		23 [8–33.5]	3922.5 [3035–4665]
MOZAMBIQUE
18	HCM	44	4200	F	NA	3520	Haemophilus spp	meningitis	≥30 WBC	140	0.78
19	HCM	49	2400	F	tur	19200	negative	meningitis	≥30 WBC	57	0.65
20	HCM	49	2400	F	tur	260	negative	meningitis	≥30 WBC	107	0.65
≥30 WBC		44 [40–44.5]	4000 [3400–4300]			1435 [260–7890]
21	HCM	40	4000	M	hem	25	negative	meningitis	<30 WBC	39	0.77
22	HCM	52	3500	M	cle	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	45	1.00
23	HCM	311	5800	M	cle	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	35	1.00
24	HCM	48	3800	F	cle	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	116	1.00
25	HCM	137	7700	M	cle	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	108	1.00
26	HCM	41	4600	M	cle	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	69	0.99
27	HCM	197	7500	M	cle	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	108	0.99
28	HCM	124	4400	F	cle	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	101	0.98
29	HCM	32	5200	M	cle	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	86	0.58
30	HCM	13	2900	F	cle	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	22	0.95
31	HCM	3	4200	F	cle	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	91	0.76
32	HCM	121	9200	M	cle	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	123	0.85
33	HCM	131	7400	F	cle	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	182	0.70
34	HCM	42	3600	M	cle	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	27	0.81
<30 WBC		52 [32–140]	4600 [3800-6950]			0 [0–0]
Total		47.5 [33–100.5]	4200 [3500–5862.5]
MOROCCO
35	HER	4	2180	M	tur	3725	S. Marcesens	meningitis	≥30 WBC	60	0.73
36	HER	14	1210	F	cle	51	negative	meningitis	≥30 WBC	49	0.70
37	HER	30	1315	F	cle	53	negative	meningitis	≥30 WBC	73	0.67
38	HER	28	3130	M	cle	39	HHV 6*	meningitis	≥30 WBC	93	0.59
39	HER	10	1220	M	hem	170	negative	meningitis	≥30 WBC	9	0.57
40	HER	56	4450	M	hem	660	negative	meningitis	≥30 WBC	10	0.50
41	HER	2	4950	M	hem	254	negative	meningitis	≥30 WBC	76	0.64
42	HER	3	3880	M	hem	40	negative	meningitis	<30 WBC	33	0.28
≥30 WBC		12 [4–28]	2655 [1220–4450]			212 [2–46
43	HER	1	3200	F	xan	3	negative	control	<30 WBC	31	0.93
44	HER	23	3900	M	cle	7	negative	control	<30 WBC	22	0.93
45	HER	0	3700	M	hem	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	71	0.86
46	HER	25	3500	M	xan	8	negative	control	<30 WBC	35	0.96
47	HER	1	3150	F	cle	10	negative	control	<30 WBC	16	0.93
48	HER	2	1900	M	xan	28	negative	control	<30 WBC	24	0.75
49	HER	2	3120	M	cle	4	negative	control	<30 WBC	9	0.96
50	HER	2	2800	M	hem	7	negative	control	<30 WBC	67	0.89
51	HER	6	1940	M	xan	4	negative	control	<30 WBC	29	0.87
52	HER	2	3700	M	hem	11	H. Iinfluenzae*	meningitis	<30 WBC	49	0.73
53	HER	1	2400	M	xan	3	negative	control	<30 WBC	12	0.85
54	HER	11	3029	M	xan	8	negative	control	<30 WBC	57	0.88
55	HER	4	1560	F	xan	15	negative	control	<30 WBC	30	0.83
56	HER	21	1350	M	cle	2	negative	control	<30 WBC	7	0.95
57	HER	4	1395	F	hem	4	negative	control	<30 WBC	53	0.74
58	HER	2	1350	M	hem	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	9	0.92
59	HER	2	3500	M	hem	2	negative	control	<30 WBC	13	0.88
60	HER	93	2600	F	xan	5	S. Aureus	meningitis	<30 WBC	9	0.91
61	HER	2	3960	M	xan	9	contamination	control	<30 WBC	53	0.86
62	HER	3	3550	M	xan	8	negative	control	<30 WBC	18	0.78
63	HER	8	1013	F	hem	14	negative	control	<30 WBC	22	0.54
64	HER	3	3050	M	xan	4	negative	control	<30 WBC	6	0.60
65	HER	5	1520	F	xan	1	negative	control	<30 WBC	16	0.73
66	HER	2	4185	M	xan	2	negative	control	<30 WBC	22	0.91
67	HER	2	3880	M	hem	0	negative	control	≥30 WBC	24	0.45
68	HER	17	1580	F	hem	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	10	0.61
69	HER	2	4800	M	xan	25	negative	control	<30 WBC	50	0.76
70	HER	6	2175	M	xan	14	K. Pneumonaie	meningitis	<30 WBC	49	0.71
71	HER	17	3700	F	hem	1	Enterovirus*	meningitis	<30 WBC	19	0.69
72	HER	3	3900	M	hem	14	negative	control	<30 WBC	18	0.55
73	HER	2	3760	M	hem	0	negative	control	<30 WBC	36	0.66
74	HER	7	4450	M	hem	29	negative	control	<30 WBC	144	0.75
75	HER	3	2870	M	xan	1	negative	control	<30 WBC	43	0.58
76	HER	13	3190	M	xan	2	negative	control	<30 WBC	69	0.85
<30 WBC		3 [2–17]	3085 [1520–3900]			2 [8–24]
Total		3.5 [2–19]	3125 [1740–3925]

Sites are referred to by their initials: HULP Hospital Universitario La Paz, HQM Hospital Quirón Madrid, HSJD Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, HCM Hospital Central de Maputo, HER Hopital d’Enfants de Rabat. Sex is referred as F female, M male. CSF characteristics include tur turbulent aspect, cle clear, hem hematic, xan xantochromatic. WBC have been corrected using the 1:1000 formula. CSF microbiology indicates culture results, and in cases where the confirmation was through molecular testing, there is a * next to the pathogen. # Frames indicates the number of images obtained per patient and HRUS acquisition, and the probability indicates the median probability of belonging to the correct classification, according to the gold standard, given by the DL algorithm.

Back to article page

Table 1 Characteristics of participants, main CSF results, clinical diagnoses and results of the HRUS device

Search

Quick links