Fig. 2: Sex differences in cytokine responses.

Serum IL-1β (a), IL-18 (b), IL-1RA (c) and IL-33 (d) levels in male (n = 16) and female (n = 16) term and preterm (n = 22 male and n = 18 female) neonates at baseline versus LPS stimulation. Values displayed represent mean ± standard deviation of pg/ml. *=significant at p < 0.05.