Fig. 1: Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment reduces expression of immune and inflammatory genes in the blood. | Pediatric Research

Fig. 1: Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment reduces expression of immune and inflammatory genes in the blood.

From: Neonatal enteral antibiotics reduce gut inflammation and delay systemic immune development in preterm pigs

Fig. 1

a PCA scores plot of the first two principal components from relative expressions of 23 genes by qPCR. The colored ellipses represent 95% confidence intervals for each group. b, left Whole blood gene expressions related to immune functions on day 5, 7, and 9 between AB and CON animals are shown as relative fold changes in relation to HPRT1 expression. b, middle & right Whole blood gene expressions related to immune functions on day 5, 7, and 9 in AB and CON groups, respectively, are shown as relative fold changes in relation to expression on day 1. The heatmap color palette represents the lowest fold change with cool colors, while warm colors represent the highest values. CON, control; AB, antibiotics; HPRT1, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase. Relative gene expression in the whole blood by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001. TLR2 Toll-like receptor 2, TLR4 Toll-like receptor 4, CXCL9 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9, CXCL10 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, S100A9 S100 calcium-binding protein A9, MPO myeloperoxidase, TNF tumor necrosis factor, IFNG interferon gamma, TBET T-box expressed in T cells, IL12 interleukin 12, IL2 interleukin 2, IL4 interleukin 4, GATA3 GATA-binding protein 3, IL6 interleukin 6, RORC RAR-related orphan receptor C, IL17 interleukin 17, TGFB1 transforming growth factor beta 1, IL10 interleukin 10, HK1 hexokinase 1, PKM pyruvate kinase M1/2, PDHA1 pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1, PPARA peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, HIF1A hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha.

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