Table 1 Characteristics of the validation cohort prior to multiple imputation.

From: Evaluation of selective bone scan staging in prostate cancer – external validation of current strategies and decision-curve analysis

 

Overall

Staging bone scan (BS) result

No staging BS on record

Negative

Positive

na

10,721

3710

354

6657

Age at diagnosis (mean [range])

67.90 [34, 98]

68.27 [41, 94]

72.71 [44, 95]

67.42 [34, 98]

Gleason Sum Score (%) Missing data: 2.4%

  ≤6

3817 (36.5)

1051 (28.7)

35 (10.5)

2727 (42.2)

  3 + 4

2777 (26.5)

1056 (28.9)

36 (10.8)

1684 (26.1)

  4 + 3

1696 (16.2)

719 (19.7)

46 (13.8)

928 (14.4)

  ≥8

2174 (20.8)

832 (22.7)

217 (65.0)

1122 (17.4)

Percent Positive Biopsy Cores (median [IQR]) Missing data: 17.1%

33.33 [16.67, 56.25]

40.00 [23.08, 61.11]

80.38 [50.00, 100.00]

30.77 [16.00, 50.00]

PSA at diagnosis (median [IQR]) Missing data: 40.1%

8.20 [5.80, 13.00]

9.10 [6.40, 15.00]

63.00 [15.30, 222.80]

7.47 [5.36, 11.00]

Clinical T-stage (%) Missing data: 76.6%

  T1a–c

1593 (63.6)

681 (58.2)

33 (28.9)

876 (71.9)

  T2a–c

719 (28.7)

419 (35.8)

30 (26.3)

270 (22.2)

  T3a–c

127 (5.1)

62 (5.3)

19 (16.7)

45 (3.7)

  T4

67 (2.7)

8 (0.7)

32 (28.1)

27 (2.2)

Clinical nodal stage (%) Missing data: 76.0%

128 (5.0)

45 (3.7)

28 (47.5)

54 (4.2)

5 year estimated survival [95% confidence interval] (%)

87 [86, 88]

88 [87, 90]

48 [42, 54]

88 [87, 89]

  1. aFifteen people with indeterminate bone scans, could not be classified as positive or negative scans. They are not included in the above table (accounting for the differences in overall cohort and sum of subgroups presented above), but outcomes for them were imputed with patients missing a bone scan result. Their personal and disease characteristics were not substantially different to the overall cohort.
  2. PSA prostate-specific antigen, IQR interquartile range.
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