Table 2 Characteristics of the studies included.

Kuten [15]

Israel

Prospective head-to-head analysis

Primary

16

60 vs 45–80

NA

Hydration and voiding

56–74^a

6.35 (3.5–19)^a

- GG 1: 2

- GG 2: 5

- GG 3: 6

- GG 4: 3

- GG 5: 0

Draulans [11]

Belgium

Prospective matched pair analysis

Primary

10 vs 9

60

NA

NA

NA

6.3 (2.1–27.5)^a vs 10.1 (3.8–24.6)^a

- GG 1: 0

- GG 2: 1 vs 3

- GG 3: 4 vs 2

- GG 4: 1 vs 2

- GG 5: 4 vs 2

Chandekar [16]

India

Prospective head-to-head analysis

Primary

40

45–60 vs 60–80

1–2 vs 3–4 MBq/kg body weight

NA

68 (8.6)

50.2 (41.6)

- GG 1: 9

- GG 2: 3

- GG 3: 11

- GG 4: 9

- GG 5: 8

Sharma [13]

India

Prospective matched pair comparison

Primary

4 vs 4

0–120

185–370 vs 37–111

NA

55.25 (4.57) vs 75.75 (10.05)

NA

NA

Zhang [38]

China

Retrospective matched pair analysis

Primary

57 vs 12

60

2.96–3.7 MBq/kg

Voiding

71 (67–75)^b vs 72 (68 –80)^b

15.00 (7.30–30.58)^b vs 17.05 (12.47–22.65)^b

- GG 1: 11 vs 2

- GG 2 & 3: 20 vs 6

- GG 4: 18 vs 4

- GG 5: 8 vs 0

Lengana [30]

South Africa

Prospective head-to-head analysis

BCR

21

120 vs 60

3.7 (1.24–8.25) vs 3.6 (2.01–6.3)^a mCi

NA

68.57 (48–78)^a

2.55 (3.1)

- GG 1: 8

- GG 2: 8

- GG 3: 1

- GG 4: 2

- GG 5: 2

Ende [19]

Australia

Prospective head-to-head analysis

BCR

14

109 (25) vs 71 (18)

3.5 vs 2 MBq/kg

Furosemide administration in 12/14 patients

61.8 (7.1)

0.21 (0.15)

- GG 1–3: 7

- GG 4–5: 7

Rauscher [20]

Germany

Retrospective matched pair analysis

BCR

102 vs 102

94 (22) vs 54 (7)

325 (40) vs 147 (27)

NA

71 (51–84)^a

0.87 (0.20–13.59)^a vs 0.91 (0.18–30.00)^a

- GG 1–3: 63 vs 63

- GG 4–5: 39 vs 39

Alberts [18]

Switzerland

Retrospective matched pair analysis

BCR

122 vs 122

120 vs 90

243 (133–322) vs 246 (207–283)

NA

72 (54–87)^a vs 71 (52–85)^a

2.23 (0.12–518)^a vs 2.75 (0.2–4513)^a

7 (5 - 10)^a

Hoffmann [17]

Germany

Retrospective matched pair analysis

BCR

128 vs 136

90 (10) vs 60 (10)

NA

NA

69.3 (8.8) vs 69.2 (8.3)

1.6 (0.1–167.1)^a vs 3.2 (0.1–170)^a

- GG 1: 9 vs 6

- GG 2–3: 63 vs 82

- GG 4: 20 vs 27

- GG 5: 36 vs 21

Seifert [32]

Germany

Retrospective matched pair and head-to-head analysis

BCR

383 vs 409 matched-pair, 17 head-to-head analysis

111 (20) vs 67 (14)

350.6 (61.8) vs 133.3 (81.2)

NA

head-to-head group: 71 (69.5–74)^b

Head-to-head group: 0.5 (0.2–1)^b

head to head analysis:

- GG 1: 1

- GG 2: 2

- GG 3: 5

- GG 4: 2

- GG 5: 1

- unknown: 6

Dietlein [26]

Germany

Retrospective head-to-head analysis

BCR

16

120 for [¹⁸F]PSMA-1007

343 (54) vs 159 (31)

NA

67.2 (7.8)

3.159

- GG 1: 1

- GG 2: 3

- GG 3: 7

- GG 4: 2

- GG 5: 2

- unknown: 1

Pattison [12]

Australia

Prospective head-to-head analysis

Primary & BCR

50 (17 primary, 33 BCR)

120–180 vs 45–60

250 vs 100–150

Hydration and voiding in both scans; fasting in ¹⁸F scans alone

71.8 (6.7)

2.7 (0.7–12.0)^a

- GG 1: 1

- GG 2: 8

- GG 3: 12

- GG 4: 10

- GG 5: 11

Hoberück [21]

Germany

Retrospective head-to-head analysis

Primary & BCR

46 (10 primary, 30 BCR)

104 (11) vs 110 (18)

154 (123–175) vs 149 (111–161)

NA

71 (6.9)

3.76 (0.32–113.7)^a

- GG 1: 2

- GG 2–3: 20

- GG 4: 6

- GG 5: 18

Dias [22]

Denmark

Retrospective matched pair analysis

Primary & BCR

10 vs 10

60–70

2 MBq/kg body weight

NA

53–78

0.2–707.7

- GG 1: 0 vs 1

- GG 2–3: 6 vs 4

- GG 4: 2 vs 3

- GG 5: 1 vs 1

- unknown: 1 vs 1

Dietlein [23]

Switzerland

Retrospective head-to-head analysis

BCR

14

120 vs 60

318.4 (59.0) vs 128.3 (35.9)

Fasting

51–86

2.04 (0.17–50)^a

NA

Dietlein [24]

Germany

Retrospective matched pair and head-to-head analysis

BCR

62 vs 129 matched-pair, 25 head-to-head analysis

120 vs 60

269.8 (81.8) vs 158.9 (45.1)

Fasting

RPx group: 68.4 (7) vs 70.1 (7.9),

RTx group: 71.8 (8.5) vs 72.1 (6.7)

RPx group: 2.7 (3.8) vs 2.5 (2.2),

RTx group: 4.1(7.5) vs 8.5 (11.1)

RPx group:

- GG 1: 4 vs 13

- GG 2–3: 18 vs 33

- GG 4–5: 15 vs 21

RTx group:

- GG 1: 0 vs 29

- GG 2–3: 17 vs 23

- GG 4–5: 7 vs 25

Hammes [39]

Switzerland

Retrospective head-to-head analysis

BCR

21

125 (12) vs 73 (14)

311 (61) vs 162 (54)

NA

66.5 (8.5)

NA

NA

Ferreira [25]

Australia

Retrospective head-to-head analysis

BCR

34

91 (81.25–123) vs

57 (47–68.75)^b

3.6 (0.18) vs 1.6 (0.41) MBq/Kg

NA

67.5 (9.75)

2.0 (3.55) vs 1.9 (4.44)

NA

Jansen [40]

The Netherlands

Retrospective matched pair analysis

Primary & BCR

50 vs 87

120 (117–123) vs 65 (57–74)^b

311.2 (301.6 –318.8) vs 139.6 (120.2 –156.5)^b

NA

71 (66–76)^b vs 70 (65 –75)^b

7.2 (2.8–17.6)^a vs 4.7 (1.0 –16.0)^a

NA

Bodar [41]

The Netherlands

Prospective matched pair analysis

Primary

129 vs 189

118 (90–123)^b vs 48 (44–53)^b

305.4 (240.2–318.2)^b vs 98.7 (92.4–104.5)^b

NA

68.5 (62.4–72.5)^b

10.4 (7.2–19.8)^b

- GG 1: 3 vs 16

- GG 2: 32 vs 31

- GG 3: 39 vs 41

- GG 4: 35 vs 67

- GG 5: 20 vs 34

Dietlein [26]

Germany

Retrospective head-to-head analysis

BCR

10

120 vs 60

358 (15) vs 141 (30)

Fasting

52–76^a

0.46–14.9

- GG 1: 1

- GG 2: 3

- GG 3: 5

- GG 4: 1

- GG 5: 0

Kroenke [28]

Germany

Retrospective matched pair analysis

Primary & BCR

33 vs 33 primary, 127 vs 127 BCR

80 (20) vs 55 (9)

329 (48) vs 143 (31)

Furosemide administration

72 (52–84)^a

Primary staging: 14 (1.37–81.00)^a vs 10.35 (3.80–81.56)^a, Restaging after BCR: 0.87 (0.20–13.59)^a vs 2.05 (0.20–30.00)^a

Primary staging:

- GG 1–3: 10 vs 10

- GG 4–5: 23 vs 23

Restaging after BCR:

- GG 1–3: 80 vs 79

- GG 4–5: 47 vs 48

Citation

Country

Study nature & design

Primary vs BCR

Sample size ¹⁸F vs ⁶⁸Ga

Time to acquisition (min) ¹⁸F vs ⁶⁸Ga

Injection dose (MBq) ¹⁸F vs ⁶⁸Ga

Pre-scan preparation

Age (years) mean (SD) ¹⁸F vs ⁶⁸Ga

PSA (ng/mL) mean (SD) ¹⁸F vs ⁶⁸Ga

Gleason score ¹⁸F vs ⁶⁸Ga

De man [27]

Belgium

Phase 3 randomised clinical trial

Primary & BCR

85 (19 primary, 66 BCR)

60 (5)

2.0 (0.2) MBq/kg

Fasting; furosemide administration

73 (67–76)^b

Primary staging: 14.3 (7.2–27)^b, Restaging after BCR: 0.65 (0.43–1.8)^b

Primary staging:

- GG 1–3: 5

- GG 4–5: 14

Restaging after BCR:

- GG 1–3: 39

- GG 4–5: 27