Fig. 1
From: The role of autophagy in colitis-associated colorectal cancer
Different stages of autophagy. Autophagy includes several steps: induction, nucleation, elongation, completion, and degradation. Activated mTOR depresses the “protein kinase autophagy regulatory complex” that includes ULK1/2, Atg13, FIP200, and Atg101. This complex activates the “autophagic core complexes” including the VPS34-Beclin1-Ambra1-Atg14L-P150 complex and the VPS34-Beclin1-UVRAG-Bif1-P150 complex, which activate phagophore formation. Atg7 and Atg10 help ATG16L1 form a complex with ATG5 and ATG12, which multimerizes and then lipidates LC3-I into LC3-II. Atg7, and Atg3 mediate LC3-II conjugating to PE. Then, the phagophore recruits cargo and closes to form the autophagosome, which fuses with a lysosome to form the autophagolysosome with the help of LAMP2 and Rab7, leading to degradation of cargo as well as the inner membrane
