Table 2 The relationship of miRNA and inflammation response

miRNA-223

Neutrophils mature and differentiate

³¹⁵

miRNA-146, miRNA-146a

Airway epithelium, NF-kappa-B pathway

^{316, 317}

miRNA-147

TLR signaling pathway

³¹⁸

miRNA-145

Comparable to glucocorticoid treatment

³¹⁹

miRNA-155

TLR signaling pathway, regulation of allergic inflammation, macrophage inflammatory response, Th2 priming of dendritic cells

^{320,321,322,– 323}

miRNA-21

TLR signaling pathway, NF-kB, IL-12p35 polarization

^{324,325,– 326}

miRNA-124

M2 phenotype of monocytic cells

³²⁷

miRNA-148a, miR-148b, and miR-152

HLA-G

^{328, 329}

miRNA-126

Th2 response, airway hyperresponse

³³⁰

let-7

Il-13, regulation of allergic inflammation

^{331,332,– 333}

miRNA-221

Mast cell activity regulates the production of cytokines

^{334, 335}

miRNA-9

Regulates steroid-resistant airway hyper-responsiveness

³³⁶

miRNA-672, miRNA-143

Expression of metalloproteinase

³³⁷

miR-19a

Enhances proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells by targeting TGFbetaR2 gene

³³⁸

miRNA-203

Negatively regulates c-Abl, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and proliferation in smooth muscle cells

³³⁹

miRNA-133, miR-133a

Upregulation of Rhoa in bronchial smooth muscle cells

³⁴⁰

miR-192

Decreased expression in peripheral blood of asthmatic individuals undergoing an allergen inhalation challenge

³⁴¹

miR-212, miR-132, miR-182, miR-183

upregulated Th17 cell differentiation

³⁴²

miR-106, miR-363

downregulated Th17 cell differentiation

³⁴²

miR-18b, miR-106a, and miR-363-3p

expression of retinoid-related orphan receptor c (Rorc), Rora, IL-17a, and IL-17f and abolished secretion of Th17-mediated interleukin-17a (IL-17a) have declined

³⁴²

miR-18a

targeted Smad4, Hif1a, and Rora in the Th17 cell gene expression program

³⁴³

miRNA-34/449, let-7, miRNA-19, miRNA-21 and miRNA-455

epithelial differentiation, mucus production, airway remodeling, and inflammation as well

³⁴⁴

miR-146a

modulate T-cell immunity as well as enhance class switch and secretion of IgE in B cells

³⁴⁵

miR-98

suppress the expression of TSP1 (Thrombospondin 1) in the peripheral B cells

³³⁰

miR-221

Upregulated expression promotes IgE-mediated activation of mast cell degranulation by PI3K/Akt/PLCgamma/Ca2+ signaling pathway

³⁴⁶

miR-223

Downregulation promotes degranulation via the PI3K/Akt pathway by targeting IGF-1R in mast cells

³³⁶

miRNA-33b

Overexpression leads the mast cell degranulation was inhibited

³⁴⁷

miR-221

Overexpression leads stimulated IL-4 secretion in mast cells through a pathway involving PTEN, p38, and NF-kappa-B

³⁴⁸

miR-223

reduces IL-6 secretion in mast cells by inhibiting the IGF-1R/PI3K signaling pathway

³⁴⁹

miR-23b

induces tolerogenic DC and Treg through the inhibition of the Notch1 and NF-kB signaling pathways

³⁵⁰

miR-21

regulates the Th1 and Th2 balance by targeting IL-12p35 expression and overexpression promotes differentiation of Th2

^{351, 352}

miR-139-5p, -15b-5p, 186-5p, 342-3p, 374a-5p, 409-3p, 454-3p, 660-5p, and -942-5p

lung function parameters (in males only)

^{353,354,– 355}

miR-1290, -142-3p, and 191-5p) with alone

lung function parameters (in females only)

miR-296-5p, -548b-5p, -138-5p, -16-5p, -1227-3p, -30d-5p, -203a-3p and -128-3p

decreasing airway hyper-responsiveness

³⁵⁶

miR-143-3p

was shown to control TGF-b1-induced cell proliferation

^{357, 358}

miR-181b-5p

was associated with airway eosinophilic inflammation by targeting osteopontin

^{152, 359}

miR-223-3p, -142-3p and -629-3p

neutrophilic airway inflammation of the severe asthma

^{360,361,– 362}