Fig. 2: Epigenetic regulations in cancer.
From: Targeting epigenetic regulators for cancer therapy: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials
Alterations in epigenetic modifications in cancer regulate various cellular responses, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and senescence. Through DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA regulation, epigenetics play an important role in tumorigenesis. These main aspects of epigenetics present reversible effects on gene silencing and activation via epigenetic enzymes and related proteins. DNMTs, DNA methyltransferases; TETs, ten-eleven translocation enzymes; HATs, histone acetylases; HDACs, histone deacetylases; HMTs, histone methyltransferases; HDMs, histone-demethylating enzymes. MLL, biphenotypic (mixed lineage) leukemia.
