Fig. 3

Characterization of variations in cell composition and functional status of the peripheral T and B cells of the recovered COVID-19 patients. a Two-dimensional t-SNE visualization of 12 major cell types identified from healthy controls (HCs, left), mild patients (MPs, middle), and severe patients (SPs, right) including four for CD8+ T cells, five for CD4+ T cells, one for γδ T cells, and two for B cells. Each dot corresponds to one single cell, and colored according to cell types. The number of total cells showed in each t-SNE map was labeled on the top. b Boxplot representing proportions of each cell type in each sample. Each dot corresponds to one sample, and colored by group-specific color scheme (severe, red gradients; mild, blue gradients; healthy, green gradients). **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; n.s. not significant by Wilcoxon rank sum test. c Dot plot depicting upregulated canonical pathways in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and AEBCs shared by multiple COVID-19 patients. Differentially expressed genes and their enriched pathways were calculated as each COVID-19 patient relative to all healthy controls (S# versus H or M# versus H), and each severe patient relative to all mild cases (S# versus M)