Fig. 4 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 4

From: Advances in targeted therapy for esophageal cancer

Fig. 4

The mechanism of CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade by therapeutic antibodies employed in cancer immunotherapy. a CTLA-4 on T cells competes with CD28 to bind to B7 ligands on APCs (antigen-presenting cells). Once CTLA-4 binds to B7, the activity of T cells will be suppressed, and immune escape can occur. b After anti-CTLA-4 binds CTLA-4, CD28 will bind to B7, which then activates the T cell and ultimately leads to the death of the cancer cells

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