Fig. 1

Schematic illustration of cancer cell subcellular targeting NDDSs for improving cancer therapeutic efficacy and different poptotic pathways mediated by different organelle-targeted NDDSs. NDDS nanoparticle-based drug delivery system, LMP lysosomal membrane permeabilization, ER endoplasmic reticulum, Bcl-3 B-cell lymphoma 3, ROS reactive oxygen species, Cyt C Cytochrome C