Fig. 4

Schematic illustration of mitochondria-targeted drug delivery strategies mediated by active targeting and CPPs. PDT photodynamic therapy, DLCs delocalized lipophilic cations, MMP mitochondrial membrane potential, TPP triphenylphosphonium, DQA di-quaternary ammonium, NHCs nitrogen-containing heterocycles, CPPs cell membrane penetrating peptides, MTSs mitochondrial-targeting sequences