Fig. 3
From: Progress in the mechanism and targeted drug therapy for COPD
Trx improves GC through MIF. One GC resistance mechanism impaired by the MIF is the loss of GC sensitivity via inhibition of MKP-1. MKP-1 is induced by GC to mediate GC inhibition of ERK, JNK and p38MAPK activities and cytokine production. MIF inhibits GILZ expression via a unique set of effects on transcription factor expression and phosphorylation. MKP-1 and MAPK activation are regulated by MIF via GILZ. Both intracellular and extracellular Trx bind to MIF and form a heterodimer to prevent the MIF entry into cells and MIF-induced glucocorticoid resistance
