Table 2 Development of cytokine and chemokine receptor inhibitors for COPD
From: Progress in the mechanism and targeted drug therapy for COPD
Drug | Mechanism/effect | Clinical progress | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
Canakinumab | Inhibition of IL-1β | A phase I/II RDBPCES of canakinumab (45 weeks), no statistical analysis provided for lung function changes | |
Tocilizumab | Inhibition of IL-6 | Tocilizumab has efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis, but clinical trials in COPD require further study. | |
Infliximab | Inhibition of TNF-α | Infliximab (6 months) did not have clinical benefit but toxicity—higher rate of pneumonia and malignancies (NCT00056264) | |
etanercept | Inhibition of TNF-α | Etanercept (90 days) is no better than prednisone in the treatment of COPD deterioration(NCT00789997). | |
AZD4818 | Inhibition of CCR1 | AZD4818 (4-week treatment) provided no significant benefit to COPD patients (NCT00629239). | |
AZD2423 | Inhibition of CCR1 | AZD2423 (28-day treatment) in DBPCRT (NCT01215279); study has completed but statistical analysis not released. | |
Navarixin (MK-7123) | Inhibition of CXCR2 | MK-7123 (6 months) in DBPCRT showed improvement in FEV1 (NCT01006616 and NCT00441701). | |
BIIL 284 | Inhibition of LTB4 receptor | BIIL 284 (12 weeks of treatment) assessed the effects of lung function, exercise tolerance, sputum and safety in patients with COPD (NCT02249247); a 14 day study assessed the impact of biomarkers (NCT02249338)—the results of both studies have not been published. Other LTB4 receptor antagonists have not shown beneficial results | |
Zileuton | Inhibition of 5-LO | Zileuton (14 days) in DBPCRT reduced urinary LTE4 levels in hospitalised COPD patients with acute exacerbations but did not significantly in treatment (NCT00493974). |
