Fig. 5
From: Targeting nuclear acid-mediated immunity in cancer immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies
Targeting nucleic acid sensing immunity to sensitize immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer therapy. The working model of targeting nucleic acid-sensing immunity to sensitize ICIs in cancer therapy. 1. The induction of cytoplasmic DNA, RNA, the agonists of nucleic acid sensors, and oncolytic viruses (OVs) can stimulate the nuclei acid sensors. 2. Activated sensors mediate the production and secretion of IFNs and cytokines in tumor cells and DCs. 3. The secreted type I IFNs will act on producing and neighboring cells via IFNRs. 4. Type I IFNs induce the expression of PD-L1 and MHC-I in cancer cells. 5. The production of IFNs can promote the maturation of DCs to improve cross-priming with T cells, and activate NK cells to kill targeted tumor cells. 6. Unleashing the nucleic-acid-sensing mediated innate immunity fuels the accelerators of T cells, and ICIs release the multiple brakes on T cells, which can induce the elimination of the tumor cells
