Fig. 1

The quantitative proteomic profile of SARS-CoV-2-infected human lung tissue. a Hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunofluorescence analyses of ACE2 and spike proteins expressed in lung tissues from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and control individuals (scale bar: 50 μm). Red and blue arrows point to the nuclei and viral inclusion bodies of the lung cells, respectively. b Schematic of the proteomics analysis used to evaluate lung tissue from patients diagnosed with COVID-19. c Volcano plots of the −log₁₀ p value vs. the log₂ protein abundance comparisons between lungs from control subjects and those diagnosed with COVID-19. Proteins outside the significance threshold lines (adjusted p value < 0.05 and COVID-19/Control >2 or <1/2) were colored in red (upregulated) or blue (downregulated). d Schematic of changes in cell components within lung tissue from patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Red and blue fonts represent up- and downregulated proteins detected in lungs from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 compared to control lung tissue