Fig. 4

Matrisome analysis and differential expression of ECM proteins in lungs from patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Pie charts represent the numbers and proportions of the core ECM and ECM-associated proteins (ECM regulators, ECM-affiliated proteins, and secreted factors) with a increased and b decreased abundance in lung tissue from patients diagnosed with COVID-19. c Types of factors secreted, d ECM-affiliated proteins, and e ECM regulators identified in lung tissue from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and control lung tissue. The y-axis represented the value of log₂ COVID-19-infected/Control. f Heat map analysis of the six ECM categories identified in BM, EMT, and MET pathways according to log₂ fold changes of COVID-19-infected vs. Control as indicated above. Red and blue boxes indicate proteins with increased and decreased abundance, respectively, in SARS-CoV-2-infected lung tissue. g Immunofluorescence analyses of CDH1 expressed in lung tissues from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and control individuals. (scale bar: 50 μm)