Fig. 4 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 4

From: Advantages of targeting the tumor immune microenvironment over blocking immune checkpoint in cancer immunotherapy

Fig. 4

Development and progression of cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. The first-generation of cancer immunotherapy, including but not limited to immunostimulatory cytokines, aimed to generally activate the immune system, so as to promote a concomitant antitumor response. The second-generation of cancer immunotherapy, including but not limited to ICP inhibitors, ICD inducers and CAR-T cells, aimed to block specific immunosuppressive molecules, induce specific cellular processes, or target-specific tumor cells, so as to cause a relatively manageable antitumor response. The third generation of cancer immunotherapy, including but not limited to the co-targeting of ICP and TIME, aimed to jointly inhibit multiple aspects of negative immune regulation, so as to mount an effective and safe antitumor response

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