Fig. 1: Thrombin is overexpressed in NSCLC and the formation of VM in NSCLC is closely related to the level of thrombin and the prognosis of patients. | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 1: Thrombin is overexpressed in NSCLC and the formation of VM in NSCLC is closely related to the level of thrombin and the prognosis of patients.

From: Thrombin is a therapeutic target for non-small-cell lung cancer to inhibit vasculogenic mimicry formation

Fig. 1

a Score of thrombin expression in adjacent nontumor lung tissue and in NSCLC tissue. b Thrombin expression in different stages (AJCC Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages) of NSCLC. c The association of thrombin expression with tumor size in NSCLC samples, where D is the maximum tumor diameter. d Region showing typical malignant morphology of NSCLC and thrombin expression in corresponding tissues. PAS+/CD31− VM tubes (black arrow) are also shown. e The relationship between the expression level of thrombin and the formation of VM in tumor tissues. f Univariate survival analysis according to VM in NSCLC patients and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis for patients dichotomized by the presence VM. g The expression of thrombin in BEAS-2B, PC9, 95D, A549, and Lewis cells was determined by western blotting. h The expression of thrombin in tumor tissues of mice and normal lung tissues of mice was determined by western blotting. All the results are expressed as the mean ± SD. The error bars indicate the SD. ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test was applied for multiple comparisons. *p < 0.05

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