Fig. 3

The synergistic effect caused by metformin/abemaciclib is independent of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. a Cell cycle distribution in the control, metformin-treated (5 mM), abemaciclib-treated (1.25 µM), and combination-treated U251 cells for 48 h. b Flow cytometry showing Annexin V staining of U251 cells exposed to metformin (5 mM), abemaciclib (1.25 μM) and metformin/abemaciclib for 48 h. c Western blots of protein lysates prepared from U251, A549, and MCF7 cells treated with metformin (5 mM), abemaciclib (1.25 µM), and metformin/abemaciclib for 48 h