Fig. 3
From: The key roles of cancer stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles
Cancer stem cells-derived EVs promote tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and cancer stem-like phenotype. CSCs-derived EVs confer non-CSCs stem-like characterizes through delivering miRNA, lncRNA, cicRNA, and stemness-related proteins or activating stem-related signaling pathways. In addition, CSCs-derived EVs carry multiple bioactive molecules to promote tumor cells EMT, tumor angiogenesis, and vascular permeability, which make a significant contribution to cancer metastasis. CSCs-derived EVs also instigate mesenchymal stem cells to secrete a variety of signaling molecules, such as IL-6, IL-8, VEGF-A, COL4A3, CXCR4, and CXCR7, thereby promoting tumor angiogenesis
