Table 1 ECM as a therapeutic target in cancer
From: Extracellular matrix and its therapeutic potential for cancer treatment
Drug illustration | Function | Characteristic |
|---|---|---|
Halofuginone | Inhibiting TGF-β signaling pathway and collagen synthesis | Anticoccidial drug |
Fresolimumab | Inhibiting collagen synthesis | Monoclonal antibody targeting TGF-β |
Collagenases | Collagen degradation | Enzyme |
Relaxin | Promoting the synthesis of collagenase | Hormone |
MMPs | Collagen degradation | Enzyme |
GS-6624 | Inhibition of collagen cross-linking | Monoclonal antibody targeting LOXL2 |
SB-431542 and SB-505124 | Inhibiting ALK4/5/7 kinase to block TGF-β pathway | Imidazole analog |
Ki26894 | Inhibitor of TGFβR1 | Small-molecule inhibitor |
Candesartan | Angiotensin receptor blockers | Long-acting angiotensin receptor antagonist |
4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) | Inhibitor of HA synthesis | Umbelliferone derivatives |
Hyaluronidase | HA degradation | Enzyme |
BC-1 | Targeting fibronectin for drug delivery | Monoclonal antibody |
L19 | Targeting fibronectin for delivering drugs and radionuclide | Monoclonal antibody |
APTEDB | Targeting fibronectin for drug delivery | High-affinity peptides |
Vitaxin | Targeting integrin and preventing angiogenesis | Monoclonal antibody targeting integrin αvβ3 |
Volociximab | Targeting integrin and inhibiting neoangiogenesis | Monoclonal antibody targeting α5β1 integrin |
1a-RGD | Targeting the RGD-integrins interaction | Small-molecule integrin antagonist |
Cilengitide | Inhibitor of αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins | Specific peptide antagonist |
Imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib | Inhibiting tyrosine kinase and DDR signaling pathway | Benzene ammonia pyrimidine derivatives |
Bivatuzumab | Blocking CD44-HA interaction | Monoclonal antibody against CD44v6 |
Verbascoside | Inhibitor for CD44 dimerization | phenylpropanoids |
Tranilast | Suppressing TGF-β signaling and expression of extracellular matrix components | Derivative of the amino acid tryptophan |
Pirfenidone | Inhibiting TGF-β/Smad and anti-inflammation | Pyridones |
Fasudil | Rho-kinase inhibitor | Isoquinoline sulfonamide derivatives |
Metformin | Reducing TGF-β signaling, IL-1β, and M2 tumor-associated macrophages infiltration | Biguanides |
Dexamethasone | Suppressing angiogenesis and normalizes vessel morphology | Glucocorticoid steroid |
Hydroxychloroquine | Macropinocytosis inhibitors | Derivatives of 4-aminoquinoline |
All-trans retinoic acid | Retinoic acid receptor agonists | Vitamin |
Defactinib | FAK inhibitors and antiangiogenic effect | Benzamides |
Ibrutinib | Inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase to interrupt BCR signaling in CLL | Benzene ammonia pyrimidine derivatives |
RG7356 | Blocking the signaling of CD44 in CLL | Humanized monoclonal antibody for CD44 |
