Table 2 The top list of drug candidates identified by our connectivity map analysis using the gene expression profiles of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples of three SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples of two SARS-CoV-2 infected patients⁶ and the PBMC samples of ten SARS-CoV infected patients⁷

Connectivity Map Score	Compound BRD ID	Name	Description
ARS-CoV-2 (PBMC)
−99.02	BRD-K07762753	Aminopurvalanol-a	Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
−98.59	BRD-K50836978	Purvalanol-a	CDK inhibitor
−98.39	BRD-K02113016	Olaparib	PARP inhibitor
−96.77	BRD-K69932463	AZD-8055	MTOR inhibitor
−96.35	BRD-K67566344	KU-0063794	MTOR inhibitor
−95.86	BRD-K98490050	Amsacrine	Topoisomerase inhibitor
−95.74	BRD-K04546108	JAK3-inhibitor-VI	JAK inhibitor
−95.56	BRD-K56334280	Amonafide	Topoisomerase inhibitor
−95.53	BRD-A82371568	Clofarabine	Ribonucleoside reductase inhibitor
−95.42	BRD-K12184916	Dactolisib	MTOR inhibitor

SARS-CoV (PBMC)
−98.94	BRD-K87142802	Veliparib	PARP inhibitor
−95.37	BRD-A35338386	NECA	Adenosine receptor agonist
−95.26	BRD-K11853856	PJ-34	PARP inhibitor
−92.96	BRD-A53952395	Prilocaine	Local anesthetic
−91.80	BRD-K32977963	Eugenol	Androgen receptor antagonist
−91.56	BRD-A09495397	Bicuculline	GABA receptor antagonist
−91.32	BRD-K82164249	Andarine	Androgen receptor modulator

The default connectivity map score⁵ of −90.0 was used as the cutoff threshold to determine the top list, i.e., only those drug candidates with the connectivity scores of the query ranked to the top 10% of the reference perturbations were selected. PARP1 inhibitors (i.e., olaparib, veliparib, and PJ-34) were chosen into the top list (shown in bold). For the connectivity map analysis on the gene expression data of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, only top 10 drug candidates are listed below, and the remaining drug candidates are shown in Supplementary Table S2

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