Fig. 4
From: Recent progress in targeted delivery vectors based on biomimetic nanoparticles
Excretion and internalization of Exo and MVs. (1) Exo is excreted as a result of inward cellular blebbing and fusion of vesicles derived from the Golgi to form multivesicular bodies (MVBs). (2) MVs are formed by plasma membrane blebbing. Exo and MVs are exogenously loaded with therapeutic agents through the main methods including co-extrusion, incubation, electroporation, and sonication. The loading Exo and MVs can be internalized by the recipient cell through exosomal fusion and endocytosis with the therapeutic agents released via membrane fusion or different mechanisms
