Table 3 Diverse vectors for targeted delivery highlighted in this review
From: Recent progress in targeted delivery vectors based on biomimetic nanoparticles
Vectors | Synthetic inner cores | Payloads | Targeting mechanisms/sites | Indications | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RBC membrane | MSNs | Dox | Laser-activated tumor-specific accumulation | Breast cancer | |
PLGA | RAP | EPR effect in atherosclerotic lesions | Atherosclerosis | ||
Nanocrystals | DTX | Tumor-targeting ligands | Glioma | ||
Cationic liposomes | AmB | Specific affinity between pathogenic fungi and erythrocytes | Fungal infection | ||
CCM | Aluminum phosphate nanoparticles | CpG | Lymph node-resident APCs | Melanoma | |
Calcium pyrophosphate nanoparticles | - | Targeting to dendritic cells | Melanoma | ||
Porous Au@Rh | ICG | Homologous targeting | Breast cancer | ||
PLGA | ICG | Homologous targeting | Breast cancer | ||
Au nanostars | Dox | Homologous targeting | Melanoma | ||
Boron nitride nanotubes | Dox | Homologous targeting | Glioblastoma | ||
MSNs | Dox | Homologous targeting | Prostate cancer | ||
Gelatin nanoparticles | Cisplatin | Homologous targeting | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | ||
Neutrophil membrane | Polycaprolactonepoly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles | Sparfloxacin | Inflammatory targeting | Inflammation | |
PLGA | - | Binding to immunoregulatory molecules | Rheumatoid arthritis | ||
Cationic liposome | MTX | Targeting to macrophages | Inflamed skeletal muscle; ischemic heart | ||
Poly(latic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles | Carfilzomib | CTC- and niche-targeting | Cancer metastasis | ||
NK cell membrane | Liposomes | Dox | Targeting tumor cells with the help of NK cell markers | Breast cancer | |
mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles | TCPP | Binding of tumor-targeting proteins | Primary and abscopal tumor | ||
Carboxylate terminated PLGA | Gd lipid | Tumor-homing natural killer cell membrane | Tumor imaging | ||
Macrophage membrane | UCNPs | - | Cell-cell adhesion for cancer targeting | Breast cancer | |
Liposome | Emtansine | α4β1 integrin-VCAM-1 interactions | Lung metastasis of breast cancer | ||
Hollow bismuth selenide nanoparticles | Quercetin | CCL2/CCR2- mediated recruitment | Lung metastasis of breast cancer | ||
PEGylation nanoparticle | PTX | IGF1R targeting ligand | Breast cancer | ||
Platelet membrane | DSPE-PEG polymers | Gevokizumab | Infarct-homing ability of platelets | Acute myocardial infarction | |
Porous metal-organic framework nanoparticles | siRNA | Tumor-targeting capability of platelets | Breast cancer | ||
Myeloid-derived suppressor cell membrane | Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles | - | MDSC with high affinity to melanoma | Melanoma | |
Platelet-RBC hybrid membrane | Liposome | Chlorin e6 and tirapazamine | Biomimetic surface molecules | Melanoma and lung metastasis | |
RBC-cancer hybrid membrane | CuS nanoparticles | Dox | Homologous targeting | Melanoma | |
RBC-cancer hybrid membrane | - | Melanin nanoparticles | Homologous targeting | Breast cancer | |
Macrophage-derive Exo | - | SPION and Cur | Neuropilin-1-targeted peptide | Glioma | |
MSCs-derived Exo | EGNPs | - | Binding of glucose and GLUT-1 glucose transporter | CT imaging of acute striatal stroke | |
Normal fibroblast-like mesenchymal cell-derived Exo | - | siRNA or shRNA | RNA payloads specific to oncogenic KrasG12D | Pancreatic cancer | |
Exo | PEGylated nanoparticles | V2C QDs | RGD-targeting tumor cells and TAT peptides targeting nucleus | Breast cancer | |
Tumor-derived Exo | PEG-PCL NPs | PTX-S-LA and CuB | High affinity between CCM and homotypic Exo membrane | Breast cancer metastasis | |
Tumor cell-derived Exo | - | mRNAs | Targeting peptides | Glioma | |
Dendritic cell-derived Exo | - | siRNA | Lamp2b fused to the neuron-specific RVG peptide | Alzheimer’s disease | |
Macrophages-derived Exo | - | Catalase | Surface adhesion proteins | Parkinson’s disease | |
Exo | - | Biologically active proteins | Floxed reporter cells | Brain diseases | |
Exo | - | Oligonucleotides drugs | Muscle-targeting peptide | Dystrophin deficiency | |
Tumor cell-derived MVs | - | MTX | Attracting neutrophils | CCA | |
DCs-derived MVs | - | PTX | Aptamer AS1411 targeting nucleolin | Breast cancer | |
CCM-derived MVs | Extremely small-sized iron oxide nanoparticles | Glucose oxidase | Homologous and RGD-targeting | Hepatocellular carcinoma | |
SV40-VNPs | - | QDs and Hirulog | Targeting peptides | Atherosclerotic plaques | |
HBc VNPs | - | ICG | RGD-targeting tumor cells | Glioblastoma | |
AAV | - | VEGF | Targeting to myocardium | Ischemic myocardial disease | |
HBc VNPs | - | Dox | Integrin αvβ3-mediated targeting | Glioblastoma | |
Dd VNPs | - | Dox or cap analog | Targeting liver cancer cells | Hepatocellular carcinoma | |
RVG-hybrids VNPs | QDs and pH-responsive dendrimers | Dox and Pb | RVG-guided and hierarchical targeting | Orthotopic brain tumor | |
FMD VNPs | - | Dox | RGD-targeting tumor cells | Carcinoma of the uterine cervix | |
Qβ VNPs | - | RNAi | Peptide targeting to tumor cells | Glioblastoma | |
Qβ VNPs | - | Azithromycin | Ligands targeting lung-resident macrophages | Pulmonary infections | |
P22 VNPs | - | Cas9 and a single-guide RNA | Targeting to specific cell | Genetic diseases | |
MS2 VNPs | - | mRNA | Inducing specific immunity | Prostate cancer | |
TMV VNPs | - | PhenPt | Tumor-homing ability of AR engineering | Triple-negative breast cancer | |
TMV VNPs | - | Silencer GFP siRNA | Passive targeting | Hepatoma | |
CPMVVNPs | - | MTO | Targeting to cerebral endothelial cells | Glioblastoma |
