Fig. 3
From: Liquid–liquid phase separation in human health and diseases
The methods to identify or study LLPS. a Selected bioinformatic tools or databases for studying LLPS. b Electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and super-resolution imaging techniques can provide detailed information on biomolecular condensates. c The cell-free reconstitution assay can detect the specific phase separation conditions of targeted proteins in vitro. d Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching can detect the material properties and dynamics of biomolecular condensates. After being photobleached by laser, the fluorescence of condensates will recover over time. The less time condensates take to recover, the higher is their fluidity. e OptoDroplet system can regulate multivalency using blue light to promote or reverse the formation of biomolecular condensates in vivo. Cry2, an Arabidopsis thaliana protein domain that forms oligomers following blue-light activation, are fused to the IDRs from targeted proteins and fluorescently tagged proteins
